Scientific Simulations and Data Visualizations

Graphics illustrating scientific phenomena including black holes, chromatography, and Martian methane abundance, showcasing advanced simulations and research data.

Chromatogram, 3D View

This graphic shows the computer simulation of a black hole from start to finish. Plasma is falling slowly toward the black hole in a (at the upper left). The plasma has a magnetic field, shown by the white lines.

Chromatogram, 3D View

Clinical research in the GHICL. Physical medicine unit in Saint Philibert hospital in Lille, France. Instrumental evaluation of balance and posture. The patient's posture is evaluated using a force plate in order to reveal balance-related problems or a pathology. Curves showing oscillation frequency in the patient.

This graphic shows tenfold spiking in the abundance of methane in the Martian atmosphere surrounding NASA's Curiosity Mars rover, as detected by a series of measurements made with the Tunable Laser Spectrometer instrument in the rover's laboratory suite.

This 72-color near-global map of the Red Planet was captured by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) using its Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, or CRISM. The yellow square indicates the Nili Fossae region of Mars, which is highlighted in six views in PIA25364. The map is one of the last major datasets CRISM will ever produce; the instrument will be decommissioned by the end of 2022. Data for the 6.3-gigapixel map was collected over 11 years of CRISM operations. The instrument arrived at Mars with three cryocoolers that allowed it to see in a range of wavelengths, including infrared; in 2017, the last of those cryocoolers stopped working, severely limiting the number of wavelengths CRISM could see.

Solar Power on Mars

This schematic shows our solar bubble moving through nearby interstellar space, or the space between stars.

Advanced finite element models are used to study three-dimensional, time-dependent flow and segregation in crystal growth systems. In this image of a prototypical model for melt and crystal growth, pathlines at one instant in time are shown for the flow of heated liquid silicon in a cylindrical container. The container is subjected to g-jitter disturbances along the vertical axis. A transverse magnetic field is applied to control them. Such computations are extremely powerful for understanding melt growth in microgravity where g-jitter drives buoyant flows. The simulation is part of the Theoretical Analysis of 3D, Transient Convection and Segregation in Microgravity Bridgman Crystal Growth investigation by Dr. Jeffrey J. Derby of the University of Mirnesota, Minneapolis.

Gypsum Dunes North of Phoenix Landing Site

Sounds of Enceladus

MGS Thermal Emission Spectrometer Image

Movie of Mercury's Magnetic Equator Versus Longitude

This graph shows the brightness variations of the brown dwarf named 2MASSJ22282889-431026 measured simultaneously by both NASA's Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes.

SEM image of a diatom

Best Fit for 'Bounce'

This graphic from NASA's Curiosity mission shows an analysis of the composition of two rocks called 'Crest' and 'Rapitan' in the 'Yellowknife Bay' area of Mars

Energetic particles from a large solar storm in September 2017 were seen both in Mars orbit and on the surface of Mars by NASA missions to the Red Planet. The horizontal axis for both parts of this graphic is the time from Sept. 10 to Sept. 15, 2017. The upper portion of this graphic shows the increase in protons in two ranges of energy levels (15- to-100 million electron volts and 80-to-220 million electron volts), as recorded by the Solar Energetic Particle instrument on NASA's on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution orbiter, or MAVEN. The lower portion shows the radiation dose on the Martian surface, in micrograys per day, as measured by the Radiation Assessment Monitor instrument on NASA' Curiosity Mars rover. Micrograys are unit of measurement for absorbed radiation dose. Note that only protons in the higher bracket of energy levels penetrate the atmosphere enough to be detected on the surface.

Lisa Freed and Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, both of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), have taken the first steps toward engineering heart muscle tissue that could one day be used to patch damaged human hearts. Cells isolated from very young animals are attached to a three-dimensional polymer scaffold, then placed in a NASA bioreactor. The cells do not divide, but after about a week start to cornect to form a functional piece of tissue. Functionally connected heart cells that are capable of transmitting electrical signals are the goal for Freed and Vunjak-Novakovic. Electrophysiological recordings of engineered tissue show spontaneous contractions at a rate of 70 beats per minute (a), and paced contractions at rates of 80, 150, and 200 beats per minute respectively (b, c, and d). The NASA Bioreactor provides a low turbulence culture environment which promotes the formation of large, three-dimensional cell clusters. The Bioreactor is rotated to provide gentle mixing of fresh

Diagram showing the spectral class and luminosity of stars

Entering the Magnetic Bubble

The average tropospheric relative humidity from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) onboard NASA's Aqua satellite for the four December-February periods during 2002 through 2005.

Penetration of the sun's rays into the skin. Diagram showing how far the sun's rays penetrate the different layers of skin after passing through the ozone layer and glass

NASA's Deep Impact's Tempel 1 Mission Update. Images of impact taken with the medium resolution imager. The blue dotted line is the position of the spectrometer's slit.

This figure shows the longitude-time variations, averaged between 21 and 22 degrees North, across the middle of the India subcontinent from mid-April to mid-June in a deadly heat wave in India that killed more than 2,300 people.

The Tvashtar plume on Io, seen by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and by New Horizons.

How to Find Water on the Moon

This graphic shows the distribution of the organic molecule acetylene at the north and south poles of Jupiter, based on data obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft in early January 2001. Movie is available at the Photojournal.

Reportage in the epileptology unit in Nice Hospital, France. The control room. The control room is used during long-term EEGs, which last between 24h and 5 days. As well as having their cerebral electrical activity monitored, the patients are filmed. The video enables a link to be made between the patients behaviour and the recordings.

Schematic of Electrostatic Levitator (ESL) electrodes and controls system. The ESL uses static electricity to suspend an object (about 2-3 mm in diameter) inside a vacuum chamber while a laser heats the sample until it melts. This lets scientists record a wide range of physical properties without the sample contacting the container or any instruments, conditions that would alter the readings. The Electrostatic Levitator is one of several tools used in NASA's microgravity materials science program.

The element potassium, shown on this NASA Mars Odyssey gamma ray spectrometer map of the mid-latitude region of Mars, is a naturally radioactive element and is a minor constituent of rocks on the surface of both Mars and Earth.

Images from Phoenix's MECA Instruments

This diagram illustrates how the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover detects hydrogen in the ground beneath the rover.

This graphic shows the flux of radiation detected by NASA's Mars Science Laboratory on the trip from Earth to Mars; the spikes in radiation levels occurred because of large solar energetic particle events caused by giant flares on the sun.

This plot illustrates the new population of 'hot DOGs,' or hot dust-obscured objects, found by WISE. The purple band represents the range of brightness observed for the extremely dusty objects.

Outer Appearances Can Be Deceiving

NASA's Mars Odyssey produced this gamma ray spectrometer map of the mid-latitude region of Mars is based on gamma-rays from the element silicon, one of the most abundant elements on the surface of both Mars and Earth.

Mysterious Lava Mineral on Mars

This altimeter chart shows data from the first flight of NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter, which occurred on April 19, 2021. The Ingenuity Mars Helicopter was built by JPL, which also manages this technology demonstration project for NASA Headquarters. It is supported by NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, and Space Technology Mission Directorate. NASA's Ames Research Center and Langley Research Center provided significant flight performance analysis and technical assistance during Ingenuity's development. A key objective for Perseverance's mission on Mars is astrobiology, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet's geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith (broken rock and dust). Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA (European Space Agency), would send spacecraft to Mar

This image of Loki Patera on Jupiter's volcanic moon Io shows data taken by the near-infrared mapping spectrometer onboard NASA's Galileo spacecraft during its Io flyby on Oct. 10, 1999.

This diagram illustrates how the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover detects hydrogen in the ground beneath the rover.

This video and audio illustrates a seismic event detected by NASA's InSight on April 6, 2019, the 128th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. Three distinct kinds of sounds can be heard, all of them detected as ground vibrations by the spacecraft's seismometer, called the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) There's noise from Martian wind; the seismic event itself; and the spacecraft's robotic arm as it moves to take pictures. This event is the first likely marsquake recorded by the InSight team. Several other seismic events have been recorded but are much more ambiguous than this signal. The audio underscores just how seismically noisy the Martian surface can be and was produced from two sets of sensors included with SEIS. You can hear sounds from the Very Broad Band sensors from your left speakers and sounds from the Short Period sensors from your right speakers. Audio from both sets of sensors have been sped up by a factor of 60; the actual vibrations on Mars would not h

Optical Coherence Topography (OCT) image, enabling the detailed analysis of the retina and macula structures. The right and left eye are visible on this image.

This set of images illustrates how the science filters of the Mast Camera (Mastcam) on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity can be used to investigate aspects of the composition and mineralogy of materials on Mars.

The ChemCam instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover fired its laser 50 times at its onboard graphite target showing spectral measurements from the first shot, which hit dust on the target, compared to spectral measurements of from the 50th shot.

Sonar equipment, sardine fishing boat "Jastreb, " based in Kali on Ugljan Island, en route to a fishing site off of Pag Island in the Adriatic, Croatia, Europe

NASA has extended the mission of its Juno spacecraft exploring Jupiter. The agency's most distant planetary orbiter will now extend its investigation of the solar system's largest planet through September 2025, or until the spacecraft's end of life. This extension tasks Juno with becoming an explorer of the full Jovian system Jupiter and its rings and moons with multiple rendezvous planned for three of Jupiter's most intriguing Galilean moons Ganymede, Europa, and Io. The prime mission operations will be completed in July 2021. Involving 42 additional orbits, the extended mission expands on discoveries Juno has already made about Jupiter's interior structure, internal magnetic field, atmosphere (including polar cyclones, deep atmosphere, and aurora) and magnetosphere. It includes close passes of Jupiter's north polar cyclones; the first extensive exploration of the faint rings encircling the planet; and flybys of the moons Ganymede, Europa, and Io.

Measurements of the Martian Winds for Three Seasons

DALLAS - This computational fluid dynamics CFD image was taken during a series of wind tunnel tests for Blue Origin's next-generation Space Vehicle at Lockheed Martin's High Speed Wind Tunnel Facility in Dallas. The Space Vehicle's innovative biconic shape is designed to provide more cross-range and interior volume than a traditional capsule and weigh less than a winged vehicle. More than 180 wind tunnel tests validated the company's analysis of the Space Vehicle's aerodynamics during descent through the atmosphere and the ability to change its flight path, which could increase the number of available landing opportunities and enhance the vehicle's emergency return capability. In 2011, NASA selected Blue Origin during Commercial Crew Development Round 2 CCDev2) activities for NASAs Commercial Crew Program to mature the design and development of a crew transportation system with the overall goal of accelerating a United States-led capability to the International Space Station. The g

The spectrogram of vibrations (frequency spectrum over time) recorded by two of the three sensors of the short period seismometer on NASA's InSight lander on Mars. This spectrogram shows the first 1,000 seconds, roughly 20 minutes, of InSight's first seismic data from the Red Planet. The vibrations of the lander are due to the wind passing over the spacecraft, particularly the large solar arrays.

This plot segregates various minerals examined by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity according to their different compositions; for example, those with more iron and magnesium oxides are located in the lower right corner.

Table of spectra From H. Scheelen.

Path of the sun throughout the year in the northern hemisphere.

The Heat Below

This infrared data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope -- called a spectrum -- tells astronomers that a distant gas planet, a so-called hot

Rear Car Windshield Infrared Thermal Imaging

This graphic tracks the maximum relative humidity and the temperature at which that maximum occurred each Martian day, or sol, for about one-fourth of a Martian year, as measured by REMS on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover.

The set of graphs on the left illustrates the drop in electrical current detected in three directions by Voyager 2's plasma science experiment (PLS) to background levels. They are among the key pieces of data that Voyager scientists used to determine that Voyager 2 entered interstellar space, the space between stars, in November 2018. The disappearance in electrical current in the sunward-looking detectors indicates the spacecraft is no longer in the outward flow of solar wind plasma. It is instead in a new plasma environment -- interstellar medium plasma. The image on the right shows the Faraday cups of the PLS. The three sunward pointed cups point in slightly different directions in order to measure the direction of the solar wind. The fourth cup (on the upper left) points perpendicular to the others.

This set of graphs shows variation in the amount and the depth of water detected beneath NASA's Mars rover Curiosity by use of the rover's Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument at different points the rover has driven.

Kidney scintigraphy. Gamma scan of the kidney to check the vesico-ureteric reflux. The cystic function is normal here.

This spectrum shows the light from a dusty, distant galaxy located 11 billion light-years away. The galaxy is invisible to optical telescopes, but NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope captured the light from it and dozens of other similar galaxies.

Atmospheric Pressure During Landing

A91567 U12P DISTANT ZENITH S.T.A.R.S. SYSTEM OPALKA (Project Engineer) SEP 12 91 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 9/12/1991 DISTANT ZENITH; DISTANT ZENITH TEST; EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT & INSTRUMENTS; EQUIPMENT (SNL); INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT; MONITORS; MONITORS, COLOR; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; P-TUNNEL; S.T.A.R.S.; STARS; STARS SYSTEM; TEST SITES; UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING; DISTANT ZENITH-STARS SYSTEM historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

Trace of monitoring according to the constants of the fetuses in the obstetric block.

A plot of the transmission spectrum for exoplanet HAT-P-11b, with data from NASA's Kepler, Hubble and Spitzer observatories combined. The results show a robust detection of water absorption in the Hubble data.

This graph shows readings for atmospheric pressure at the landing site of NASA's Curiosity rover. The data were obtained by Curiosity's Rover Environmental Monitoring Station from Aug. 15 to Aug. 18, 2012.

Sarcomere structure, illustration

Electron transport chain redox potentials, illustration

Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN), measures the flow of neutrons with different energy levels returning from the ground, and their delay times, as an indication of the amount and depth of hydrogen in the ground beneath the NASA's rover, Curiosity.

Menstrual cycle of a postmenopausal woman: the levels of progesterones and estrogen decrease.

By measuring absorption of light at specific wavelengths, Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS) onboard NASA's Curiosity measures concentrations of methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor in Mars' atmosphere.

This chart presents data that the Waves investigation on NASA's Juno spacecraft recorded as the spacecraft crossed the bow shock just outside of Jupiter's magnetosphere on July 24, 2016.

Spirit Discovers New Class of Igneous Rocks

This cross-section graphic provides an interpretation of the geologic relationship between the 'Murray Formation,' the crater floor sediments, and the hematite ridge.

NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has detected sulfur, chlorine, and oxygen compounds in fine grains scooped by the rover at a wind drift site called 'Rocknest.' The grains were heated and analyzed using the rover's Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite.

Regions - Images Relating to the Discover-AQ Program - images and video clips relating to the Discover-AQ Program. Discover-AQ stands for Deriving Information on Surface conditions from COlumn and VERtically resolved observations relevant to Air Quality , Environmental Protection Agency

Spectra of Flat

Quare Rig exposed coated and uncoated GRCop-84 sheet specimens

This image is the highest-resolution thermal, or heat image, ever made of Amirani, a large volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It was taken on Oct. 10, 1999, by NASA's Galileo spacecraft. Amirani is on the side of Io that permanently faces away from Jupiter.

The color cameras on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity, including the pair that make up the rover's Mastcam instrument, use the same type of Bayer pattern RGB filter as found in typical commercial color cameras.

These eight graphs present data from the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on NASA's MAVEN orbiter identifying ions of different metals added to the Martian atmosphere shortly after comet C/2013 A1 Siding Spring sped close to Mars.

As on the Earth, many processes can move material down a Martian slope. This graphic compares seven different types of features observed on Mars that appear to result from material flowing or sliding or rolling down slopes.

The Critical Viscosity of Xenon Experiment (CVX-2) on the STS-107 Research 1 mission in 2002 will measure the viscous behavior of xenon, a heavy inert gas used in flash lamps and ion rocket engines, at its critical point. Because xenon near the critical point will collapse under its own weight, experiments on Earth (green line) are limited as they get closer (toward the left) to the critical point. CVX in the microgravity of space (red line) moved into unmeasured territory that scientists had not been able to reach.

Electromagnetic spectrum, illustration

Portrait of an Aging Wheel

Pressure unit conversion table, illustration

Oval Storms Merging on Jupiter

Illustration showing comparative out-of-area ship days. "Soviet Military Power," 1983, Page 60. Country: Unknown

This chart shows increases in the volume of data coming back from NASA's Mars Curiosity over recent sols. New capabilities of the 'Electra' relay-radios on MRO and Curiosity have greatly increased the volume of data the rover is sending back from Mars.

The schematic depicts the major elements and flow patterns inside the NASA Bioreactor system. Waste and fresh medium are contained in plastic bags placed side-by-side so the waste bag fills as the fresh medium bag is depleted. The compliance vessel contains a bladder to accommodate pressure transients that might damage the system. A peristolic pump moves fluid by squeezing the plastic tubing, thus avoiding potential contamination. The work is sponsored by NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research. The bioreactor is managed by the Biotechnology Cell Science Program at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC). NASA-sponsored bioreactor research has been instrumental in helping scientists to better understand normal and cancerous tissue development. In cooperation with the medical community, the bioreactor design is being used to prepare better models of human colon, prostate, breast and ovarian tumors. Cartilage, bone marrow, heart muscle, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islet cells, liver

These illustrations indicate possible ways in which the water vapor and ice particles in the plume of Enceladus may be formed.

This graph shows changes in apparent brightness of comet C/2013 A1 Siding Spring as it approached and receded from Mars, as seen by the HiRISE camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The pattern suggests the comet rotates once every eight hours.

This graph compares a typical daily pattern of changing atmospheric pressure (blue) with the pattern during a regional dust storm hundreds of miles away (red). The data are by the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) on NASA's Curiosity rover.

Monohybrid cross lethal gene, illustration

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