Optical Experiments and Illustrations

A collection of detailed scientific diagrams showcasing optical phenomena, such as light refraction, prisms, and X-ray reflections used for educational purposes.

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English scientist and mathematician. Plate from his 'Opticks' 1704 showing splitting of light through prisms.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Filden's clearance at various viewing distance. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 152.

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English scientist and mathematician. Plate from his 'Opticks' 1704 showing splitting of light through prisms.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Reflection of X-rays on a crystal.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.The drawing over Woodbird and Strålabberation.

Figure 3-5 for NASA Document TM-X-356

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Light absorption of polymerized cyanine dyes.

$Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Diagram of the effect of various frachard times on chloride paper.$

Skiopticone image. Table for preparation of peat. "The partial pressure of the water vapor".

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of the Herschel effect. For more info see: Tollert, H. Quantitative Untersuchungen Einiger photographicals effect. Z. Phys. Chem., 1929, 140, 355-78

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Olika camera settings when shooting a building.For more info See: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 159.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of developing, blackening curves, various types of developers, M.M.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Principle of the Granulometer.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Curs and graphs for synchronized flash photography

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Density curves for Agfa's blue spectral plates.For more info See: Agfa VI p. 110

Wachusett Department, Wachusett Dam, Hydroelectric Power Plant, comparison of horse power and efficiency curves of Special 30-inch S. Morgan Smith Company's turbine (diagram), Clinton, Mass., ca. 1912 , waterworks, hydroelectric power plants, graphs

Figure 3-5 for NASA Document TM-X-356

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.The drawing over the functions of a microscope.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.ultraviolet radiation, lighting.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of the microscope.

A diagram of the Solar system, showing the orbits of some of the minor planets. Dated 19th century

$Engraving depicting atmospheric refraction. René Descartes' diagram explaining the rainbow. René Descartes (1596-1650) a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. Dated 17th century$

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Kinoprojector's optical system. For more info see: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Other revised edition. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1948. p. 1345.

Finding the Horizontal Projection of a Slope. Original caption: From: Surveying Instruments, Their History and Classroom Use, by Edmund R. Kiely, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1947.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.spretty measurement.

Routes of Venus across the Sun in both passages of our century, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque (1882).

Engraving depicting John Dalton's diagram showing the reason for the curved appearance of the aurora due to the curvature of the Earth and it's atmosphere. John Dalton (1766-1844) an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. Dated 18th Century

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Scematic production of the different stages of the etching process at a phototypiklisché.Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Other revised edition. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1948. p. 1559.

Construction of Davis Staff, Jacob's Staff Used As Backstaff. Original caption: From: Surveying Instruments, Their History and Classroom Use, by Edmund R. Kiely, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1947.

Tracings of Vierordt's sphygmograph

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.spretty measurement.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Moiré (interference pattern) at color pressure at 5O angle between raster modes. For more info see: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 1202-1203.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Reflexes of the first and second order in a two-lens lens. For more info see: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 92.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Curves from SKC6915. Reciproeed curves more info See: Sjöstedt 1941

An engraving depicting various cones. Dated 19th century

FARADAY'S experiment with a solenoid. The movement of the bar magnet (right) in and out of the coil of wire causes an electric current to flow in the wires A and B: this is detected by the magnetic needle (left).

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Fechners law. Description of blackening and silver amount.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology 1948-58. Motifus depicting "Bromidpapiere curves (Bromid paper) - Agfa, Ilford, Gevaert and Kodak (for more text See picture).

Positions of the planet Neptune, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque (1882).

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Schematic image of kinocamera.Fer More info See: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Other revised edition. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1948. p. 1273.

Photos of the eleven booster configurations

Labor Inspectorate Photo Collection. 9x12 Dust development explosion magnesium oxide calcium carbonate. undated

Diagram to illustrate one set of causes, the astronomical variations, which make the climate of the world change slowly but continuously. From the book Outline of History by H.G. Wells, published 192

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.color blindness. Different types of defective color vision. Tritanopia, the pins sensitive to high frequency light (young. Blue-violet) is completely out of order. Confuse blue and yellow shades.

Blueprint of martini cocktail

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Leather sources, spectral energy distribution.

Determining the center of an ellipse, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Range 7.7 million km. ( 4.8 million miles ) P-29465 In this image captured by Voyager 2, three newly discovered satellites of Uranus can be seen orbiting outside of the nine known rings of Uranus. The outermost of the rings, the Epsilon Ring can be seen here at upper right. The largest of the three moons viewed here, 1986U1, was discovered January 3rd. it is an estimated 90 km. ( 55 mi. ) across and its orbits Uranus every 12 hours, 19 minutes ata distance of 66,090 km. ( 41,040 mi.) from the planets center. the other two moons are slightly smaller, 1986U3 orbits every 11 hours, 6 minutes at 61,750 km. ( 38,350 mi.),1986U4 every 13 hours, 24 minutes at 69,920 km. ( 43,420 mi.). They were dicovered on January 9th and 13th, respectively. Long exposures were required to bring out these small objects. As a result of the relative motions of the spacecraft and the moons, they appear slightly elongated.

Movement and position of Saturn, vintage engraving. Movement and position of Saturn, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1869. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10678561

Formed

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Moiré (interference pattern) at color pressure at 15o angle between raster modes. For more info see: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 1202-1203.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Typical curve families, obtained with various developing times at surface development. For more info see: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 272.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Other image: schematic representation of high pressure and their staining. Lower image: color roll, hand roll.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of Atom radiation.

Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, London, The Society, entomology, periodicals, insect, The illustration displays two microscopic views of the larva of Latorina orbitulus, highlighting the structure and development across different instars. On the left, labeled '3,' intricate patterns suggest the honey-gland region of the larva in its fourth instar, showcasing fine details and textures typical of this stage. On the right, labeled '4,' the larva in its fifth instar is depicted, emphasizing further growth and complexity. The precise delineation of the larval features underscores the biological intricacies and developmental stages of this species.

ASTRONOMICUM CAESAREUM 1540. REPRESENTATION OF COMETS. BOOK ASTRONOMY 16th CENTURY. Author: PEDRO APIANO (1495-1552). Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN.

***** purely conceptual design of the principle ***** the H-bomb is illustrated here. The ordinary hydrogen and rare tritium are kept in a liquid state in separate containers cooled by means of a special refrigerating system or cryogenic apparatus. On either side of the hydrogen containers but separated by an insulator and rigid tamper are two targets of uranium-235. Each lump of U-235 rests at the end of a massive gun barrel imbedded in an even more massive tamper. Each gun barrel also contains

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.spretty curve.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Time reduction of the photo stream. For more info SE: Lange in

Movement and positions of Mars, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1876.

Designs for a jewelry box, draughtsman: Mathieu Lauweriks, 2-Oct-1913, tracing paper, pen, h 292 mm × w 245 mm

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. An easy and inexpensive but fully efficient method for leveling glass slab for filter casting. When casting small filters, a larger mirror glass is leveled then the small filter glasses are placed.For more info SE: Boström's filter book

Observations of the solar movements by Sir Isaac Newton 1681. Sir Isaac Newton PRS (1642 1726) English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (described in his own day as a 'natural philosopher') who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Diagram. Developing, blackening curves, various types of developers, M.M.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Okika solutions.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Ever the image: Micrographs showing how the developing inserts on single discrete points in the various silver bromide grains. The bottom image: Same as SKC7128bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 290-291 and cosmos. SWEDISH SCIENCE PRESS. Lazy. 1944. p.122.

Propeller Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 Italian) Drawing Bibliotheque de l'Institute de France, Paris, France

Josef Gočár: Lustr. Provedly P.U.D.; Pavel Janák: Lustr. Provedly P.U.D. Kronika a poznámky (cont'd). Periodicals. 1911 - 1913. General Research Division. Modernism (Art), Czech literature , 20th century, Art, Arts , Czechoslovakia, Lamps

Patent Drawing for a Hook and Eye Fastener

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Kedje formation in a mixture of three different colored particle groups.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of developing, chemistry, developing factors.

Tables, Storage capacity required to supply various quantities of water daily, from one square mile of drainage area; composite diagram, Mass., ca. 1915 , waterworks, graphs

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of radiation flow / light flow.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. The composition of X-rays at 200 kV.

Diagram of the composition of the germ plasma in hybrids.

Illustration depicting the planed flight of Robert H. Goddard's rocket. Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor. Dated 20th century

Plane of orbit of the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. From Magasin Pittoresque, vintage engraving, 1877.

Four examples of the luminous intensity of a lamp, recto - printed, photomechanical print, page, photographs, photographically illustrated books, Beispiele von Lichthöfen un deren Vermeidung, height 99 mm, width 60 mm, maker, producer, 1887 - 1892, paper, papier, autotype

Agricultural experiment from 1898 showing oats grown in Ernsthofen under varying fertilization conditions including full fertilization without nitrogen, displayed on cardboard with light pressure.

Atomic & Hydrogen Bomb Possible Attacks - War General. May 28, 1948.

NERVOUS CELL OF THE SPINAL CORD - SCIENTIFIC DRAWING. Author: SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL. Location: PRIVATE COLLECTION.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology 1948-58. Motifus depicting "Grassman's law". (For more text see the picture). For more info see: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Other revised edition. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1948-59. Cape. 128 tricolorimetry p. 958 and following.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.spectrograph from Zeiss.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of Planck's radiation law. Physical law describing the energy aging from a black body. That is, an ideal and perfect radiant body lacking reflection skills and therefore all light absorbs light.

P-21757 BW Range 2 million kilometers (1.25 million miles) Jupiter's thin ring of particles was photographed by Voyager 2 on its approach to the giant planet. The spacecraft was 2.5° above the plane of the ring. Segments of both sides of the faint ring were captured in this picture. The ring was first photographed in an edge-on configuration by Voyager 1 and was measured then to have a radial extent of about 55, 000 kilometers (34,000 miles) from Jupiter's cloud tops. With this picture, it is possible to determine that the ring is much narrower radially than the individual rings of Saturn. This image has had an extreme contrast enhancement process applied to it which brought out some white blotches in the central region and makes the ring appear discontinuous and non-uniform in brightness. These effects are all artifacts of the processing.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Resonance Isomeri.

This graphic shows the geologic time scale of asteroid Vesta derived from geologic mapping.

Optics: spectra of various pigments, compared with that of our Sun. Coloured process print by Cassell.

Drawing: Acceleration and Deceleration Lanes For Drive-in Theater. Original caption: DRIVE-IN THEATER STUDY, 1949, by American Association of State Highway Officials. Drawing: Acceleration and Deceleration Lanes for Drive-in Theater. 60 Mile per Hour Highway.

Dressage instructions for turning a horse to the left and to the right and to perform tempo changes. Etching by G. Dheulland.

This photo of the X-1A includes graphs of the flight data from Maj. Charles E. Yeager's Mach 2.44 flight on December 12, 1953. (This was only a few days short of the 50th anniversary of the Wright brothers' first powered flight.) After reaching Mach 2.44, then the highest speed ever reached by a piloted aircraft, the X-1A tumbled completely out of control. The motions were so violent that Yeager cracked the plastic canopy with his helmet. He finally recovered from a inverted spin and landed on Rogers Dry Lakebed.Among the data shown are Mach number and altitude (the two top graphs). The speed and altitude changes due to the tumble are visible as jagged lines. The third graph from the bottom shows the G-forces on the airplane. During the tumble, these twice reached 8 Gs or 8 times the normal pull of gravity at sea level. (At these G forces, a 200-pound human would, in effect, weigh 1,600 pounds if a scale were placed under him in the direction of the force vector.) Producing these grap

Schematic diagram of chain reaction from fission of uranium 235. From a U.S. government publication by Henry DeWolf Smyth, ca. 1940-45. (BSLOC_2015_2_19)

The normal puerperium, post-partum difficulties with the bladder, and puerperal sepsis. Lithograph after W. F. Victor Bonney.

X-1 and Flight Data

Sectional lock on the Languedoc Canal. Engraving from The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Edinburgh, 1807-1829, edited by David Brewster.

Portion of a dissected frog. Lewes, George Henry, 1817-1878. Illustrations. 1860. General Research Division. Frogs, Dissections

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