Roman Emperors and Philosophers

Engravings of significant historical figures from ancient Rome. The images depict strong profiles with detailed attire and flanked by scrolls or inscriptions.

GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR Roman Emperor Date: 100 - 44 BC

Italy: Galba (3 BCE-69 CE), 6th Roman emperor, from the book Romanorvm imperatorvm effigies: elogijs ex diuersis scriptoribus per Thomam Treteru S. Mariae Transtyberim canonicum collectis, 1583

Italy: Augustus Caesar (63 BCE-14 CE), 1st Roman Emperor, from the book Romanorvm imperatorvm effigies: elogijs ex diuersis scriptoribus per Thomam Treteru S. Mariae Transtyberim canonicum collectis, 1583

GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR Roman Emperor Date: 100 - 44 BC

Portret Van Marcus Cato Utica smaller, 1566 print paper engraving historical persons. (story of) Marcus Porcius Cato the Younger

PortretBuste van Philosof Cicero, Anonymous, Antonio Salamanca, 1510 - 1562 print paper engraving historical persons. scholar, philosopher

Adalbert, King of Italy.

Tiberius, Roman Emperor.

Portrait of emperor tiberius in round frame; Ti Caesar Divi Aug F Augustus Imp VIII; Roman emperors.

Tiberius Iulius Caesar Augustus, Tiberius Claudius Nero, 16 November 42 BC - 16 March 37 AD, was Roman Emperor from 14 to 37 AD Historical, digitally ...

Demosthenes .

Trebonianus Gallus (206-253) was a respected politician and general in the Roman Empire, and rose to power after the deaths of co-Emperors Trajan Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus during the Battle of Abrittus in 251. Some rumours claim that Gallus had had a hand in the deaths of Decius and his son, having conspired with the Goth invaders. His soldiers proclaimed Gallus emperor, but Decius' other son Hostilian had been acknowledged by the people of Rome as rightful heir. Not wishing to start another civil war, Gallus acquiesced to the will of the Roman people and adopted Hostilian as his son, becoming co-emperors together. Hostilian's death to plague barely months into his rule in 251 allowed Gallus to rule alongside his son Volusianus as new co-emperors. Like the reign of those before him, Gallus had to contend with revolts and foreign invasions. Aemilianus, governor of the provinces of Moesia Superior and Pannonia, took the initiative and defeated invaders threatening the eastern

Justin II (520-578) was the nephew of Emperor Justinian I and had supposedly been named his heir on the emperor's deathbed. Justin's early rule relied completely on the support of the aristocratic party, and faced with an empty treasury, he stopped paying off potential enemies as his uncle had done, leading to Avar invasions across the Danube river. Justin renewed conflict with the Sassanid Empire, refusing to pay tribute and making overtures with the Turks. However, he oversaw two disastrous campaigns that saw the Persians taking Syria and capturing the vitally important fortress of Dara. It was after these events that Justin reportedly lost his mind, falling into temporary bouts of insanity. Jusitn was advised by his wife Sophia to name a successor during his brief periods of sanity, choosing the general Tiberius over his own relatives in 574, adopting him as a son before withdrawing into retirement. He died four years later in 578, his insanity growing worse the whole time.

Louis I (778-840), also known as Louis the Pious, Louis the Fair and Louis the Debonaire, was the sole surviving adult son of Emperor Charlemagne and Hildegard. Louis ruled from Aquitaine, charged by his father with defending the empire's southwestern frontier from the Muslims of Spain. He conquered Barcelona in 801 and asserted Frankish dominance over Pamplona and the Basques south of the Pyrenees in 812. He was named as co-emperor and King of the Franks by his father in 813, before becoming sole ruler in 814.

Athalarich, king of eastern villages.

DEMOSTHENES Greek orator and statesman Date: 384 - 322 BC

Percernit, König there languages.

Bust of a young man in gown, to the left. Made to the sculpture in the collection of Gerard Reynst.

Born as Lucius Septimius Bassianus (188-217 CE) but renamed Marcus Aurelius Antoninus after his father's union with the families of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty, he gained his agnomen Caracalla from a Gallic hooded tunic which he often wore. Eldest son of Emperor Septimius Severus, he reigned jointly with his father from 198 CE until his father's death in 211 CE. He then became joint emperor with his younger brother Geta, but he quickly murdered his brother less than a year into their joint rule. Caracalla's reign was marked by continued assaults from the Germanic peoples as well as constant domestic instability. Caracalla was famed for enacting the Edict of Caracalla, also known as the Antonine Constitution, which granted Roman citizenship to almost all the freemen living throughout the Empire. He was also known for his establishment of a new Roman currency, the antoninianus, as well as building the Baths of Caracalla, the second largest in Rome. In terms of infamy, Caracalla was known

Born Publius Aelius Hadrianus (76-138 CE) to a well-established family with old roots in Hispania, Hadrian was related to Emperor Trajan through his father, who was a maternal cousin of Trajan's. Trajan did not officially designate an heir before he died, though his wife Pompeia Plotina claims that Trajan named Hadrian his successor just before his death. Hadrian travelled extensively during his reign, visiting nearly every province in the Roman Empire. He attempted to turn Athens into the Empire's cultural capital, and had a Greek lover named Antinous. Hadrian also spent a lot of time with the military, often wearing his military attire and dining and sleeping alongside his soldiers. He is perhaps most famous for building Hadrian's Wall, the wall that marked the northern limit of Britannia. Hadrian was a philhellene (admirer of Greek culture) in most of his tastes as well as a humanist, and is regarded among the 'Five Good Emperors'. He adopted Lucius Aelius as his heir in 136, but th

Historical drawing from the 19th Century, portrait of Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus or Tiberius Claudius Nero, 42 BC - 37 AD, second emperor of the Roman Empire

Honorius (384-423) was the second son of Emperor Theodosius I and younger brother to Eastern Emperor Arcadius. Honorius was made Augustus and co-ruler in 393 CE, aged 9. When his father died two years laters, Honorius was given the Western half of the Roman Empire, while Arcadius ruled the East. Young as he was, Honorius was mainly a figurehead for General Stilicho, who had been appointed his guardian and advisor by Theodosius before his death. Stilicho made Honorius marry his daughter Maria to strengthen their bonds. Honorius' reign, which was weak and chaotic even by the standards of the rapidly declining Western Roman Empire, was marked by constant barbarian invasions and usurper uprisings. Stilicho defeated many of these threats and played an important role in holding the empire together, but the sudden execution of Stilicho on Honorius' orders in 408 CE paved the way for the empire's collapse, with many of Stilicho's troops defecting en masse to the banner of King Alaric I of the

Portrait of Emperor Galba with laurel wreath in round Omlijsiting, Marcantonio Raimondi, 1510 - 1527 print Italy paper engraving emperor

Bust of a bearded man, right. The print is part of an album with a series of prints to the sculptures in the collection of Gerard Reynst.

Commodus (161-192) was born in 161 and was son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. At 15 years old, Commodus become co-emperor with his father in 177, making Marcus Aurelius the first emperor to have a legitimate biological heir since Vespasian. He became sole emperor three years later, when his father died in 180. One of his first acts was to devalue the Roman currecy, the largest reduction since Nero's reign. Unlike his father's reign of almost continuous warfare, Commodus ruled over a relatively peaceful Empire, though it was marked by political strife and increasingly megalomaniacal behaviour by Commodus himself. Roman historian Dio Cassius stated that Commodus' reign marked the decline 'from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust', with many claiming that Commodus' terrible rule began the decline of the Roman Empire. Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess, and often compared himself to Hercules, seeing himself as a reincarnation of the demigod. He also sometimes fought in

Rome, unknown, Netherlands, Bary, Hendrik, Portrait bust of Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius, print, prints, height 155 mm, width 105 mm, Northern Netherlands, 1640 - 1707-02, print maker, 1657 - 1707, third quarter 17th century, fourth quarter 17th century, first quarter 18th century, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), after the image of

Illustration depicting the bust of a Roman Nobleman or Emperor. Dated 19th Century

Commodus (161-192). Roman Emperor from 180 to 192. Bust. 16th century. National Arhaeological Museum. Naples. Italy.

Cato, the Elder.

Portrait of Emperor Maximinus Thrax.

Trajan, Roman Emperor Stecher: Unknown artist dating: 1750/1850 publisher:

PUBLIUS AELIUS HADRIANUS Roman emperor

Gypsum to an antique portrait bust, Johannes Taventrate, after Anonymous, 1824 drawing paper. chalk piece of sculpture, reproduction of a piece of sculpture (+ ceramics ~ arts)

Colossal statue of Lord Collingwood, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1845. Sculpture of British naval commander Cuthbert Collingwood. 'This magnificent statue of the great Collingwood, the bosom friend of Nelson, has recently been completed by Mr. Lough, and is a fine specimen of the genius of that distinguished sculptor. The material is stone: height, 23 feet. It has been placed on a pedestal about 50 feet high, on a plot of ground belonging to the Duke of Northumberland, at Tynemouth, close to the place of Lord Collingwood's birth; and it is seen well from the sea....apart from his brilliant naval s

Artistotle, Greek philosopher and naturalist, 384-322BC. Portrait bust from Ennio Quirino Visconti's Iconographie Grecque. Steel engraving by Lizars from Sir William Jardine's The Naturalist's Library, W.H. Lizars, Edinburgh, 1843.

Tiberius, Roman Emperor.

Caius Julius Cæsar, William Blake, 1757-1827, British, Published by Robert John Thornton, 1768-1837, British, 1821, Etching and line engraving on medium, slightly textured, cream wove paper, Spine: 7 1/8 inches (18.1 cm), Sheet: 6 5/8 x 4 1/8 inches (16.8 x 10.5 cm), and Image: 5 x 3 1/4 inches (12.7 x 8.3 cm), armor, bust, laurel, portrait

John Henderson, 18th century British actor, 1886. Artist: Unknown

Clisson, Olivier de.

Irving, Washington .

Aristides still image. Portraits. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection. Hairstyles , Greece , To 499, Beards , To 499, Shoes , Greece , To 499, Drapery in art, Aristides, ca. 530-ca. 468 B.C

Buste of Julius Caesar and bust of Pompey, Michel Natalis, After Joachim von Sandrart (I), 1640 print Two Roman sculptures. Above the portrait bust of Julius Caesar, under the bust of Pompey. At the bottom right the coat of arms of Vincenzo Giustiniani. Print from a series to the sculptures in the collection in the Galleria Giustiniani in Rome. paper engraving male persons from classical history (+ head, bust, etc.). piece of sculpture, reproduction of a piece of sculpture

Trollope.

Domitian, Roman Kaiser Stecher: Langlois, François (1589) Dating: 1601/1647

Guidi, Giovanni Citosibio, Sandrart, Joachim von, Rome, Persijn, Reinier van, Galleria Giustiniana del Marchese Vincenzo Giustiniani II, Two portrait busts of Emperor Tiberius, verso below - stamped, Two Roman portrait busts of Emperor Tiberius, in toga. On the busts the coat of arms of Vincenzo Giustiniani. Print from a publication with reproduction prints after the sculptures in the collection in the Galleria Giustiniani in Rome., print, prints, height 361 mm, width 239 mm, Northern Netherlands, 1614 - 1668-11-23, print maker, printmaker, 1640 - 1640, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), 1606-05-12 - 1688-10-14, intermediary draughtsman, after a drawing by, Italian

Galba, Roman emperor.

EMPEROR CONSTANTINUS I known as 'The Great'

Berengar I of Italy, King of Italy and emperor

Head described as that of Saint James the Elder 19th century Georg Wilhelm Vestner. Head described as that of Saint James the Elder 236638

Anthony Mark.

Lazio Roma Frascati Villa Borghese3. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Exterior views of 17th c. villa, ninfeo and fountain. Interior views of salons, dining room, bedroom, and frescoes, paintings and busts decorating them. Antiquities: Villa houses an Antiquities gallery, which contains sarcophagi, busts, masks, friezes, and a series of statues of Roman kings. German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and the Romans, as well as early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque monuments. Images are organized by geographic region in Italy, then by province, city, site complex and monument.

Elagabalus (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) (203-222). Roman Emperor. Engraving in The Illustrated World, 1880. Colored.

JUSTINIAN I The most brilliant of the Byzantine emperors Date: 483 - 565

Pūblius Ovidius Nāsō, 43 BC - 17/18 AD, aka Ovid. Roman poet. From Cassell's Illustrated Universal History, published 1883.

Italy/Holland: 'Aelia Paetina, wife of Claudius, Emperor of Rome' (1st century CE), line engraving by Aegidus Sadeler, after Titian, 17th Century

Louis the Stammerer, Louis le Bègue, Ludwig II, 846-879, King of Aquitaine and later King of West Francia

Marble bust of the Emperor Gordian II (225-244), From Gabies

Bust of Alexander III of Macedon (365-323 B.C.) King of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

CALIGULA, Gaius Caesar Germanicus, also called (12-41). Roman Emperor from 37 to 41 AC. Roman art. Early Empire. Sculpture on marble. ITALY. VENETO. Venice. Archaeological Museum.

Roman bust, archaeological museum, Strasbourg, Alsace, France, Europe

AFRICA-GRABADO NEOCLASICO SEGUN CAMAFEO-ALBUM ANTICUARIO-S XVIII. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN.

Unidentified portrait. Modern bust by the Italian sculptor Guglielmo della Porta (c. 1500-1577). Guglielmo della Porta. National Archaeological Museum. Naples. Italy.

Caligula Gaius Caesar. Marble bust. Museum: Archaelogical Museum, VENECIA, ITALIA. CAYO JULIO CESAR CALÍGULA.

Louis I (called Louis the Pious, born June/August 778, died June 20, 840), was king of the Frankish Empire (in Aquitaine from 781, in the Empire as a whole from 814) and emperor (813-840) . He was the son and successor of Charlemagne / Louis I (called Louis the Pious, born June/August 778, died June 20, 840), was king of the Frankish Empire (in Aquitaine from 781, in the overall empire from 814) and emperor (813-840) . He was the son and successor of Charlemagne, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19th century, exact original date unknown, subsequently coloured

'Hyde', (1661-1723), 1830. Edward Hyde (1661-1723) English aristocrat and politician who defected from King James II to support William III of Orange and appointed governor of the provinces of New York and New Jersey, from 1701-1708. Accused by his enemies of being a cross-dresser, he may have been transgender. From "Biographical Illustrations", by Alfred Howard. Thomas Tegg, R. Griffin and Co., J. Cumming, London, Glasgow and Dublin, 1830

Italy/Holland: 'Nero, Emperor of Rome' (37-68 CE), line engraving by Aegidus Sadeler (Netherlands, 1570-1629), after Titian, 17th Century

This 1880s illustration shows a bust of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius that is housed in the Capitol Hall of the Emperors No 3. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher. He was the last of the rulers known as the Five Good Emperors, and the last emperor of the Pax Romana, an age of relative peace and stability for the Roman Empire.

Kaiser Julian in einer Toga, 4. Jahrhundert, Geschichte der Mode, Kostümgeschichte, Historisch, digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19...

Amerigo Vespucci (Florence, 1454-Seville, 1512), engraving.

Moise by Michael Angelo, central sculpture of the Tomb of Julius the Second. Fratelli Alinari (Italian, founded 1852)

Nero Claudius Germanicus, 24 May 15 BC 10 October 19 AD was a Roman general known for his campaigns in Germania, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, original date unknown

Charles the Bald, Karl II, Charles II dit le Chauve, 823-877, the King of West Francia, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor as Charles II

Johann Heinrich Jung, Jung-Stilling, 12 September 1740, 2 April 1817, German ophthalmologist, constitutional lawyer, economist and pietistic, mystical-spiritualist writer, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Publius Terentius Afer, c.195/185 - c.159 BC, aka Terence. Roman African playwright during the Roman Republic. From Cassell's Illustrated Universal History, published 1883.

Portrait of Pliny the Younger, On the marble retained after the Giovio palace in the city of Como, vintage engraving. Portrait of Pliny the Younger, On the marble retained after the Giovio palace in the city of Como, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1847. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673374

Julian the Apostate Flavius Claudius Julianus 331-363 AD Roman Emperor from the book Crabbs Historical Dictionary from 1825, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

Campania Napoli Naples S. Lorenzo Maggiore075. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Medieval: Sculpture, architecture, architectural sculpture (including Roman spolia) 13-14th century Chapter house; sarcophagi, gravestones; wall painting. Fragment of mosaic; sculptural fragments in the Sala Capitolare. Post-medieval: Architecture, architectural sculpture, ceiling painting fresco cycle; prints depicting Venice c. 1845 (4), sculpture; life-size creche figures dressed in original Neapolitan costume Church restored in 1882, 1926, 1944; excavations under the transept undertaken between 1958-1962, and in the cloister in 1976, have revealed remains of a Roman macellum (market), street, and the paleochristian basilica of the 6th c. AD. Antiquities: Pottery: black-glazed, archaic banded, domestic wares, bucchero; architectural terracottas, statuettes, lamps, sculpture fragments Object Notes: 3 color negatives with no prints at the end. General Notes: Most objects/paintings/frescoes unidentified. Three batches

Funerary relief. Dimensions: 19 1/8 x 17 x 9 1/2 in. (48.6 x 43.2 x 24.1 cm). Date: ca. 200-273.Inscription:(at right) 1 Mattanay, son of 2 Zubaida. Alas!(On left, one or two illegible lines)Transliteration:1 mtny br2 zbyd hblThis relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. Shown here is the upper body of a bearded man in high relief facing directly toward the viewer, dressed in a Greek cloak known as a himation, worn over a chiton, or tunic, and wrapped around the right arm like a sling. His left hand holds a looped fold of the himation. The background of the relief is blank except for an inscription in Palmyrene Aramaic to the right of his head giving h

Marble statue of the Greek god Hermes of Olympia. Greece ancient history. Old engraving illustration from the book Universal history by Oscar Jager 18

Bustes van Pindar en Antoninus, Theodor Matham, 1640 print Two busts from Romans. Above the bust of the writer Pindarus and below of Emperor Antoninus Pius. On the bust of Pindarus the coat of arms of Vincenzo Giustiniani. Print from a publication with reproduction prints to the sculptures in the collection in the Galleria Giustiniani in Rome. paper engraving piece of sculpture, reproduction of a piece of sculpture

Hadrian, 24 January 76, 10 July 138, was Roman Emperor from 117 to 138, Historical, digital reproduction of a 19th century original

Menander, 343-293 BC. Playwright- comic poet.Greek Classical statue.

Buste Van Keizer Nero, Lambertus sweeter, 1520 - 1567 print Bust of Emperor Nero of the Roman Empire, for a niche. In the middle of a mask. At the bottom of a four -line text in French. Southern Netherlands paper engraving emperor. (story of) Nero, the Roman Emperor - portrait of person from classical history

Aristotle (Stagira, 384 B.C.-Chalcis, 322 B.C.). Greek philosopher.

Historical illustration from the 19th Century, portrait of Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, 1692 - 1768, an Italian poet

Isabella Clara Eugenia (1566-1633). Infanta of Spain, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands (1598-1621) and governor of the Low Countries (1621-1633) with her husband, Archduke Albert VII. The daughter of King Philip II of Spain and Elizabeth of Valois. Portrait. Engraving by Masson. Lithographed by Magín Pujadas. Historia General de España, by Modesto Lafuente. Volume III. Published in Barcelona, 1879.

Julius Caesar (From the large Cameo representing the Apotheosis of Agustus, and known as the Agate de la Sante Chapelie, preserved in the Collection of Medals of the Imperial Library, Paris), Illustration from John Cassell's Illustrated History of England, Vol. I from the earliest period to the reign of Edward the Fourth, Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1857

Emperor Nero in marble, Certosa di Pavia, Lombardy, Italy, Europe

Lazio Roma Anzio Villa Spigarelli4. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Post-medieval: A 19th century neoclassical villa built on the imperial villa said to be of Nero which was in ancient Antium (modern Anzio). The park and villa incorporate antiquities such as architectural fragments, sarcophagi, urns, and statuary found on the site. Antiquities: possible nymphaeum, urns, sarcophagi, sculpture, architectural framents, mosaics, portrait busts, terracottta sculpture fragments, Pompeian third style wall paintings, portrait bust in Julio-Claudian family style Object Notes: Hutzel gives a short history of the villa and park, commenting that no proper history has been written on the site German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and th

Campania Caserta Caserta Palazzo Reale55. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Post-medieval: Architecture & architectural sculpture, sculpture, statues, paintings, frescoes, stuccoes, furnishings & decorative art General Notes: Discrepancy in number of prints & negatives. Hutzel notes 824 prints & negatives. Negatives for 1-62 of one batch seem to be missing (would make a total of 824) German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and the Romans, as well as early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque monuments. Images are organized by geographic region in Italy, then by province, city, site complex and monument.

Bust of King George III of Great Britain (1738-1820). Dated 19th Century

Statue of Germanicus, ancient marble statue in the Lateran Museum in Rome, Italy, digital improved reproduction of an original print from the 19th century, Europe

John I of Castile (1358-1390). King of Castile from 1379 to 1390. Engraving by Masson. Lithographed by Magín Pujadas. Historia General de España, by Modesto Lafuente. Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1879.

Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb .

The Venus of Milo, or Aphrodite of Melos, a statue of the goddess, historical illustration

Marcus Claudius Marcellus, nephew of Emperor Augustus, 42-23 BC. Eldest son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Octavia Minor, sister of Augustus (then known as Octavian). Died of a fever. Marcellus Augusti Nepos. Copperplate engraving after an illustration by Joachim von Sandrart from his LAcademia Todesca, della Architectura, Scultura & Pittura, oder Teutsche Academie, der Edlen Bau- Bild- und Mahlerey-Kunste, German Academy of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting, Jacob von Sandrart, Nuremberg, 1675.

French actor Talma in Roman costume as Titus, Paris 1793 of Voltaire's tragedy, 'Brutus' - 1812 - engraving. Author: Godefroy. Location: BIBLIOTECA DE LAS ARTES DECORATIVAS.

Umbria Terni Narni Palazzo del Podesta9. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Medieval: Architectural sculpture, including detached and fragments German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and the Romans, as well as early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque monuments. Images are organized by geographic region in Italy, then by province, city, site complex and monument.

Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 12, 41 AD Roman Emperor From the book Crabbs Historical Dictionary, published 1825, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

Vespasian Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus AD 9, 79 Roman Emperor from the book Crabbs Historical Dictionary from 1825, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from an original from the 19th century, Record date not stated

Aspasia, born c. 470 BC died c. 420 BC was a Greek philosopher, orator and the second woman of Pericles, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact date unknown

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