Historical Dramatic Scenes

Illustrations depicting poignant historical moments, including the Spartan King Leonidas, Roman figures, and the poignant death of Socrates, rendered in ink and wash.

JEAN RACINE the French dramatist is led forward by his muse and Melpomene to be crowned by Immortality Date: 1639 - 1699

Cléombrote and Léonidas 1795-1799 France. In the wake of the French Revolution, painting commissions were few, but polished drawings had a market. This work illustrates a scene from Plutarchís series of biographies of famous men in which the Spartan king LÈonidas spares the life of his traitorous son-in-law ClÈombrote, exiling him from Sparta. After pleading for her husbandís life, the kingís daughter Chilonis departs with her banished husband and their two children.. Pen and black and brown ink, with brush and brown wash and touches of blue gouache, over red chalk, heightened with white gouache, on blue laid paper, laid down on gray laid paper . Baron François-Xavier Fabre

Vibius Serenus falsely accused by his son, Reinier Vinkeles (I), 1804, draughtsman: Reinier Vinkeles (I), 1804, paper, pen, brush, h 135 mm × w 85 mm

Gaius Marius (ca. 157 BC - 86 BC). Roman general and consul. Marius prisoner at Minturnae. It depicts the attempted execution of the consul Gaius Marius when he was captured in Minturnae. Engraving after a painting by Jean-Germain Drouais. "Historia Universal", by Cesar Cantu. Volume II, 1854.

Josef Abel depiction of the death of Socrates, executed with brown feder, watercolor, and cover colors.

Marches Urbino Palazzo Ducale, Galleria Nazionale delle Marche29. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Post-medieval: First floor: Polyptychs, triptychs, crucifixes, panel paintings, sculpture, frescoes now housed in Museo; stucco decoration in private chapels Object Notes: See also Urbino, Museo Albani. With both sites the negs arrived separately from the prints, yet all negs were labelled as Urbino, Palazzo Ducale, making it difficult to match some negatives to their prints. German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and the Romans, as well as early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque monuments. Images are organized by geographic region in Italy, then by province, city, site complex and monument.

JEAN RACINE the French dramatist is led forward by his muse and Melpomene to be crowned by Immortality Date: 1639 - 1699

The Death of Demosthenes, 384-322 B.C. From a picture by Bramtott from the book The Outline of History by H.G.Wells Volume 1, published 1920.

Nero and Locusta. Locusta was a slave of Ancient Rome, poisoner in the services of Agrippina, mother of Nero, she poisoned Claudius and his son Tiberio Claudio César Británico. She is considered one of the oldest serial killers. Locusta was sentenced to death by Galba. Ancient Rome History. Old 19th century engraved illustration from El Mundo Ilustrado 1879

Historia. Muerte del caudillo Viriato (-139 a C.) asesinado por tres parlamentarios españoles en el año 139 a. C. Grabado de 1871.

Two Germanic fathers kneel before Germanicus and his entourage. They beg the general to take pity on their sons, whom Germanicus captured during his last battle. The print is part of the history of General Germanicus. Two Germanics kneeling before Germanicus History of Germanicus , print maker: Louis E.F. Garreau, (mentioned on object), after: Jean Grandjean, (mentioned on object), Amsterdam, 1783, paper, etching, engraving, h 190 mm × w 146 mm

La Gazette. Gazette de France, was the first weekly magazine published in France. It was founded by Théophraste Renaudot and published its first edition on 30 May, 1631. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1885

The Assassination of the Emperor Caligula, of his wife and his daughter, a series of paintings with scenes from the life of the Roman emperors, by Lazzaro Baldi (1624-1703), oil on canvas.

Supplicants bring gifts to Niobe The life of Niobe (series title), A group of supplicants presents gifts to Niobe and its followers., ( story of) Niobe, bringing gifts, exchanging gifts, Giovanni Battista Galestruzzi, 1656, paper, etching, h 113 mm × w 275 mm

Octavia Overcome by Virgil's Verse by unknown artist, lithograph

Alexander Ceding Campaspe to Apelles; Jérôme-Martin Langlois, French, 1778 - 1838; 1819; Black and white chalk, gray washes, heightened with white gouache; 39.1 x 51.4 cm (15 3/8 x 20 1/4 in.)

Roman execution. Spectators see how a naked man is thrown into a hole.

Mosaic depicting a scene from a comic play in Pompeii

Joseph Recognized by his Brothers 18th century Charles Antoine Coypel French. Joseph Recognized by his Brothers. Charles Antoine Coypel (French, Paris 1694-1752 Paris). 18th century. Red and black chalk, watercolor, and gouache, squared in pen and black ink. Drawings

James Barry, 1741-1806, Irish, The Conversation of Polemon, 1778. Etching.

Umbria Perugia Terni Palazzo Posta e Telegrafo3. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Post-medieval: Frescos (19th/20th century) German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and the Romans, as well as early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque monuments. Images are organized by geographic region in Italy, then by province, city, site complex and monument.

Messengers Before an Emperor, Francis Hayman, 1707/8-1776, British, undated, Pen and black ink and gray wash on medium, slightly textured, cream laid paper, Sheet: 5 × 3 1/8 inches (12.7 × 7.9 cm), arch, building, columns, emperor, historical subject, letter, messengers, statues

The rape of Lucretia, daughter of Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus, under threat of armed force. Lucretia She was famous for her beauty and even more for her virtue, copperplate engraving by Heinrich Goltzius, ca 1570, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date not known

Life in a Romano-British villa. Residents and their guests recline on couches and are served wine. Date: Circa 4th Century A.D.

The death of Roman philosopher Seneca. Lucius Annaeus Seneca 4 BC to 65 AD. From a 19th century illustration.

Cleombrotus Ordered into Banishment by Leonidas II, King of Sparta. Date/Period: 1768. Painting. Oil on canvas. Height: 1,384 cm (15.1 yd); Width: 1,854 cm (20.2 yd). Author: Benjamin West.

King Of Sparta by Benjamin West, Oil on canvas, 1768, 1738-1820, United Kingdom, London, Tate Britain, 138,4x185

Cleopatra asks Caesar for help, Pharaoh Cleopatra VII born 69 BC, died 12 August 30 BC, ruled Egypt as the last queen of the Macedonian-Greek dynasty of the Ptolemies from 51 BC to 30 BC, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from an original of the time.

France, Paris, Louvre, Ceiling Artwork of Charles X Section, L'Egypte Sauvee Par Joseph by Alexandre-Denis Abel de Pujol

Socrates (circa 425 BC) Athenian philosopher, reproaching the young Alcibiades for his dissolute lifestyle

Titus Quinctius Flamininus, 229 BC 174 BC Roman politician and general who participated in the Roman conquest of Greece, here on a visit to Greece, History of Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Italy, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Europe

Skiopticone image with motifs from unknown story.

Lucius Aemilius Sejanus saves the life of Tiberius ..

Scene from the myth of Cupid and Psyche, 1794, by Felice Giani (1758-1823), tempera wall painting, Palazzo Laderchi, Faenza, Emilia-Romagna. Italy, 18th century.

Thomas Couture (1815-1879), . Romanos de la decadencia, . 1847, . oil on canvas, Orsay Museum, Paris, France,Western Europe.

Hercules leading a resuscitated Alcestis to her husband Admetus, 1817-1829 fresco by Pietro Benvenuti (1769-1844). Hercules room, Palatine Gallery, Pitti Palace, Florence. Italy, 19th century.

Abraham sending away Hagar and Ishmael, mid 19th century. Artist: Unknown

Joseph Presents His Father to Pharoah (Dalziels' Bible Gallery). Artist: After Sir Edward John Poynter (British (born France), Paris 1836-1919 London). Dimensions: Image: 5 1/4 × 7 5/16 in. (13.4 × 18.5 cm)India sheet: 7 5/16 × 9 3/16 in. (18.5 × 23.4 cm)Mount: 12 15/16 in. × 16 7/16 in. (32.8 × 41.8 cm). Engraver: Dalziel Brothers (British, active 1839-1893). Printer: Camden Press (British, London). Publisher: Scribner and Welford (New York, NY). Date: 1864-81. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Graphite drawing with brown wash by Franz Caucig showing a frieze of antique figures in motion, depicting classical drapery and gestures for decorative purposes.

Jean-François-Pierre Peyron. "Rhadamist: Volume I, page 245 of the works of Prosper Crébillon (before 1798)". Drawing. Museum of Fine Arts of the City of Paris, Petit Palais. 54087-1 Armenian, French dramatic author, drawing, wife, woman, litter work, page 245, whining, crying, Roman protectorate, armenian king, volume I, couple

A Young Man and Woman Meeting at Night Outside a Palace. Artist: Heinrich Friedrich Füger (German, Heilbronn 1751-1818 Vienna). Dimensions: sheet: 18 1/4 x 13 3/4 in. (46.3 x 35 cm). Date: late 18th-early 19th century. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Sebastian Cabot (1477-1557) an Italian explorer, explaining his discoveries to King Henry VII of England (1457-1509). Dated 15th Century

It Was the Custom Then to Bring Away the Bride From Home. Will Hicock Low; American, 1853-1932. Date: 1885. Dimensions: 222 x 327 mm. Black, gray and white gouache on cream wood-pulp laminate board. Origin: United States. Museum: The Chicago Art Institute, Chicago, USA. Author: Will Hicock Low.

Daniël in the Leeuwenkuil, Pieter Nolpe, After Blancert, 1623 - 1653 print Several people are attacked by Lions in the Leeuwenkuil. Only Daniël, who is in the middle of the back, remains intact. People watch people on the top edge of the amphitheater and through a window. Under the performance three four -line texts in Latin. Amsterdam paper engraving Daniel's punishment and liberation: Daniel in the lion's den ~ King Darius

According to Greek and Roman mythology, Cupid (Eros to the Greeks) was the god of love. His mother, Venus (Aphrodite), was jealous of Psyche, a mortal princess, and sent Cupid to shoot her with a love arrow that would make her fall in love with a horrible creature. By accident, Cupid pricked himself as he did so and reversed the effect on Psyche. Venus tried unsuccessfully to keep the two apart. Finally, Cupid and Pysche were allowed to marry, and Psyche was granted immortality. Here Pysche looks at Cuopid asleep - myth says a drop of the hot wax from the candle fell on Cupid, awakened him, a

Classical scene with Hera (Juno) and Eros (Cupid), and a third figure in the centre (possibly Psyche). An illustration to one of the works of Jean Baptiste Grecourt. Date: early 19th century

Klingholz Fritz (1861-1921): Scene of a lentil as with the Romans

Lictors bring to Brutus the bodies of his sons. David, Jacques-Louis (1748-1825), painter

Watercolor by Gustav Gaul depicting a mythological figure resting under a tree, executed in 1857.

ESCENA DE TRISTAN E ISOLDA - ESCENA DE LA OPERA DE WARNER. Location: MUSEO DE LA OPERA. France.

Virgil reading the Aeneid to Augustus and Octavia - Jean-Joseph Taillasson

Painting depicting a scene from the opera Tristan and Isolde by Richard Wagner (1813-1883) a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor. Dated 19th Century

Socrates (470 - 399 BC) Greek philosopher taking hemlock.

Society Islands. Tahiti. Dancing girl. Engraving, 19th century.

The Dutch Republic receives the French Protestant church. Draughtsman: Bernard Picart. Dating: 1695 - 1700. Measurements: h 98 mm × w 155 mm. Museum: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

Ferdinand VII (1784-1833). King of Spain (1808-1833). Ferdinand VII the Desired in memory and honor of the Illustrious Victims of May 2, 1808. Drawing by Jose Ribelles y Helip (1778-1835). Engraving by Blas Ametller Rotilam (1768-1841), 1814-1818. Etching and buril. Museum of Romanticism. Madrid. Spain.

The death of Julius Caesar, 1805-1806, by Vincenzo Camuccini (1771-1844), oil on canvas, 400x707 cm.

ANTONIO CARNICERO PINTOR ESPAÑOL . SALAMANCA 1748 - 1814 LA TRAGEDIA GRABADO. Author: ANTONIO CARNICERO (1748-1814).

slavery ancient world purchase of a woman history painting based on painting by Pierre Eugene Giraud chromolithograph 19th century,

The Scribe by Starck, Julius Joseph Gaspard (1814-1899) / Pera Museum, Istanbul / Orientalism / Second Half of the 19th cen. / Belgium / Oil on wood / Genre / 31x48

Moderation, Agostino Veneziano, After Rafaël, 1517 print The female personification of virtue Moderation (temperantia) is on a border in front of a niche, flanked by two columns. She holds reins with both of her hands. On the right a putto, with his right hand. Print Maker: ItalyaFter Painting by: Vatican City paper engraving / etching Temperance, 'Temperantia'; 'Temperanza' (Ripa) ~ one of the Four Cardinal Virtues

Amsterdam, Ottens, Josua, Reinier (I), Somer, Paul van (II), Hieronymus, verso middle - stamped, In a hilly landscape a half-naked man, possibly St. Hieronymus, sits on a rock with a writing quill in his hand. He is leafing through a book. On the floor lie more books., print, prints, height 198 mm, width 301 mm, Dutch, 1659 - 1704, print maker, printmaker, 1725 - 1748, paper, papier, etching, etchings, engraving, engraving (printing process), Publication (Event), Publication, Northern Netherlands, 1698 - 1750-09-01, publisher, uitgever, Publicatie, 1704-02-10 - 1765-05-15

Preparing for a Sacrifice. Edwin Howland Blashfield (1848-1936). Oil on canvas. Signed and dated, Paris 8, 1877. 117 x 89.5cm

St. Paul in Athens. Raphael (Italian, 1483-1520) (cartoon creator) painter Lefebvre, Pierre (French, b.1579-d.1669) (workshop) weaver c. 1650 Tapestry Materials/Techniques: unknown Culture: French Weaving Center: Paris Ownership History: Cardinal (Jules) Mazarin (d. 1661) coll. (9 pieces). Marquis de Mancini coll. (9 pieces ). Crown of Italy, Palazzo reale (Milan) (7 pieces). Additional panel in set documented in archives in Monaco. Italy, Marches, Pesaro e Urbino, Urbino, Palazzo Ducale. Before temple of Mars (Ares), Paul, on rostrum, preaches on Areopagus before group of philosophers; statue of Mars (Acts 17:15-34) (BRD) (borders not visible in photo) There are 7 panels at the Palazzo ducale, Urbino. This set may have been woven to complete the partial Mobilier set which Mazarin acquired from the sale of Charles I's goods (Campbell). Fénaille, Gobelins 1 (1903-1923), 282 Related Works: Panels in set: GCPA 0245234-0245258; compositionally similar tapestries: 0239959, 0239963, 0239972

Samson or Samson and Delilah, Book of Judges, Chapter 16, Bible, building, interior, window, pillar, armchair, long hair, man, woman, curtain, sitting, standing, shy, precious garment, talking, Old Testament, historical illustration 1885

'El nacimiento del Bautista anunciado a Zacarías', ca. 1635, Oil on canvas, 188 cm x 337 cm, P00256. Author: MAXIMO STANZIONE (1585-1656). Location: MUSEO DEL PRADO-PINTURA. MADRID. SPAIN.

'Helen Recognizing Telemachus, Son of Odysseus'. France, 1795. Dimensions: 48x64 cm. Museum: State Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Author: Lagrenée, Jean-Jacques, the younger.

St. Paul in Athens. Raphael (Italian, 1483-1520) (cartoon creator) painter Lefebvre, Pierre (French, b.1579-d.1669) (workshop) weaver c. 1650 Tapestry Materials/Techniques: unknown Culture: French Weaving Center: Paris Ownership History: Cardinal (Jules) Mazarin (d. 1661) coll. (9 pieces). Marquis de Mancini coll. (9 pieces ). Crown of Italy, Palazzo reale (Milan) (7 pieces). Additional panel in set documented in archives in Monaco. Italy, Marches, Pesaro e Urbino, Urbino, Palazzo Ducale. Before temple of Mars (Ares), Paul, on rostrum, preaches on Areopagus before group of philosophers; statue of Mars (Acts 17:15-34) (BRD) (borders not visible in photo) There are 7 panels at the Palazzo ducale, Urbino. This set may have been woven to complete the partial Mobilier set which Mazarin acquired from the sale of Charles I's goods (Campbell). Fénaille, Gobelins 1 (1903-1923), 282 Related Works: Panels in set: GCPA 0245234-0245258; compositionally similar tapestries: 0239959, 0239963, 0239972

Gérôme, Jean-Léon, Goupil & Cie, Les comédiens, Reproduction of a design of comedians by Jean-Léon Gérôme, recto - printed, photomechanical print, reproduction, page, photos, photographically illustrated books, Musée pour tous 1877, height 201 mm, width 150 mm, French, maker, manufacturer, 1872 - 1879, paper, Woodbury engraving, 1824-05-11 - 1904-01-10

Oath of the Horatii (Le Serment des Horaces), 1784 painting, by the French artist Jacques-Louis David. Louvre in Paris. Neoclassical style. It depicts a scene from a Roman legend about a dispute between two warring cities, Rome and Alba Longa, and stresses the importance of patriotism and masculine self-sacrifice for one's country. Instead of the two cities sending their armies to war, they agree to choose three men from each city; the victor in that fight will be the victorious city.

Madonna with Saints Stephen and John the Baptist, known as Altarpiece Casalmaggiore, by Francesco Mazzola, known as Parmigianino (1503-1540).

TTITIA, Tiziano Vecello, also called (1490-1576). Pietˆ. 1576. Renaissance art. Cinquecento. Oil on canvas. ITALY. VENETO. Venice. Gallerie dell'Accademia (Academy Gallery).

Der erzuernte Hausherr, Szene aus einer neuattischen Komödie, 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Alexandria, Historisch, digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorla...

El mito de Ixion - Rey de los Lapitas - detalle. Museum: CASA DE LOS VETTI POMPEYA ITALIA.

Aurora, replacing the Greek goddess Eos, a poetic designation of dawn and a personal goddess. Since the Greek Eos is the sister of the sun god Helios and the moon goddess Selene, the Roman Aurora is accordingly considered the sister of the sun god Sol. Steel engraving after a painting by Guido Reni. Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th-century original.

Plato and Wise men. Mosaic. Naples, national museum of archaeology. Location: NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY. NEAPEL. ITALIA.

Feder in black drawing by Pierre Paul Prud'hon depicting The Revenge of Ceres, showing figures, gestures, landscape, and drapery, around 1795.

Tepidarium, the room where the women of Pompeii came to rest and dry themselves after bathing, 1853, by Theodore Chasseriau (1819-1856), oil on canvas, 171x258 cm. Detail. Flavian dynasty, Italy,1st century.

Men talking by Nikolai Nikolayevich Ge, Oil on canvas, 1890, 1831-1894, Russia, Moscow, State Tretyakov Gallery, 233x171

"The Rape Of Polyxena", by Professor Pio Fedi, in the Loggia at Florence, 1868. 'The subject is taken from the accounts by Virgil in the AEneid, and Euripides in his "Hecuba;" but the sculptor, for greater effect, has combined several tragic events, which are scattered in various parts of the poem and drama, supposing as simultaneous the occurrences which happened at intervals. To avenge the treacherous slaughter of Achilles, which was planned by Hecuba, Pyrrhus having already slain Priam and Polites, afterwards sacrificed Polyxena to appease the wrathful shade of the murde

'Matrimonial nightmare', 1819-1823. Artist: Francisco Goya

'Hercules Holding a Globe'. Drawing for the decoration of Amsterdam in 1638 during the visit of Marie de' Medici. Holland, 1638. Dimensions: 29x38 cm. Museum: State Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Author: Moeyaert (Moyaert), Nicolaes (Claes) Cornelisz.

After the Dance, Waterhouse, J. W., 1876.

Pieta, 1575-1576, by Titian (ca 1490-1576), performed with the help of Jacopo Negretti known as Palma the Younger (1544-1628), oil on canvas, 389x351 cm.

'Martyrdom of St Pieter'. Flanders, Mid-17th century. Dimensions: 34,5x28 cm. Museum: State Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Author: CASPAR DE CRAYER.

The Catiline Conspiracy. Dated: 1792. Dimensions: image: 24.8 x 51.8 cm (9 3/4 x 20 3/8 in.) mount: 32.8 x 60 cm (12 15/16 x 23 5/8 in.). Medium: etching with engraving, drypoint, and punchwork. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Jean-François Janinet after Jean-Guillaume Moitte.

The beheading of John the Baptist, 1733, by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696-1770), fresco. Colleoni Chapel, Bergamo.

Allegory of the arts, Sculpture, 1751-1752, by Giuseppe Zocchi (1711-17 - 1767), oil on canvas.

Dore, Gustave (1832 - 1883), illustration, from ""Divine Comedy"", by Dante Alighieri, canto 31: ""Virgil and Dante in front of the chained giants,"", wood engraving, coloured, 1860, private collection,

Solon before Croesus. Nikolaus Knüpfer (Dutch, about 1603 - 1655)

A young man in love with ancient greece surprises his beloved by covering her eyes to surprise her. Old 19th century engraved illustration from El Mundo Ilustrado 1879

Historia. Baile de máscaras en París a fines del siglo XVIII. Grabado de 1896.

Umbria Perugia Gubbio S. Secondo5. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Exterior views of the polygonal apse of trefoiled arches and cloister portals. Interior views include frescoes of the Life of St. Sebastian in the Cappella di Sebastiano o Panfili (15th century); votive frescoes of the Madonna and Child; paintings of the Death of St. Joseph and the Martyrdom of S. Secondo; a painted crucifix; and stucco work and paintings in the Salone Zucchari (which are missing their negatives). In the Medieval core collection are details of an 8th-century altar--the sole remains of the abbey church S. Donato di Pulpiano. Object Notes: Hutzel photo campaign date: 1982. German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and the Romans, as well as early

Archaeology. Roman Civilization. Library at thermal baths. Colour illustration

Job on the dung heap visited by his friends Job et ses amis, print maker: Johannes de Mare, (mentioned on object), after: Denis Auguste Marie Raffet, (mentioned on object), publisher: Furne, (mentioned on object), Paris, 1816 - 1889, paper, steel engraving, h 285 mm - w 206 mm

Black chalk drawing by Simon Petrus Klotz, heighted with white brush on light brown paper, depicting Alexander and his doctor Philippus, showing interaction and posture, dated 1807.

Detail from the 'Adoration of the Magi' with self portrait of Botticelli, 1475, (1937). Creator: Sandro Botticelli.

The Oracle; Camillo Miola (Biacca) (Italian (Neapolitan), 1840 - 1919); 1880; Oil on canvas; 108 x 142.9 cm (42 1,2 x 56 1,4 in.)

Italy: 'Nero's Torches' (Christian Candlesticks), by Henryk Siemiradzki (1843 - 1902), oil on canvas painting, 1876. Currently on display in the National Museum, Krakow

The Monument of Lorenzo de Medici, by Michael Angelo, in the Italian Court, at the Crystal Palace, 1854. Renaissance sculpture in south London. A replica of '...the celebrated Monument of Lorenzo de Medici, by Michael Angelo, from the famous Capella dei Medici, attached to the Church of San Lorenzo, at Florence...the statue of Lorenzo himself has received from the Italians - ever quick at comprehending the artist's meaning - the name of "II Pensiero," Thought...The reclining statues on the pediment are called Twilight and Dawn...the Aurora or Dawn is represented by a female figure of

Inaugural meeting of the Estates General, 5th May 1789. Painting by Louis-Charles-Auguste Couder (1789 - 1873). The estates general was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate). Summoned by King Louis XVI, it was brought to an end when the Third Estate formed into a National Assembly, inviting the other two to join, against the wishes of the King. This signals the outbreak of the Fre

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