Astronauts Performing Experiments

Photos of astronauts working on various experiments and equipment inside the International Space Station, showcasing scientific research in microgravity.

iss070e027395 (Nov. 20, 2023) --- JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut and Expedition 70 Flight Engineer Satoshi Furukawa turns off a microscope in the International Space Station's Kibo laboratory module and removes samples for the Cell Gravisensing space biology study. The investigation is exploring how cells sense gravity and may lead to improved therapies treating conditions such as muscle atrophy and osteoporosis both on Earth and in space.

ISS013-E-64486 (25 July 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, prepares the Human Research Facility (HRF-2) rack for the scheduled upgrade of the Pulmonary Function System (PFS) experiment in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS024-E-006699 (28 June 2010) --- NASA astronaut Doug Wheelock, Expedition 24 flight engineer, prepares to insert biological samples into trays in the Minus Eighty Laboratory Freezer for ISS-2 (MELFI-2) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS015-E-09460 (24 May 2007) --- Cosmonaut Oleg V. Kotov, Expedition 15 flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, participates in the Periodic Fitness Evaluation with Oxygen Uptake Measurement (PFE-OUM) experiment in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS006-E-07134 (9 December 2002) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six NASA ISS science officer, works to set up Pulmonary Function in Flight (PuFF) hardware in preparation for a Human Research Facility (HRF) experiment in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS). Expedition Six is the fourth and final expedition crew to perform the HRF/PuFF Experiment on the ISS.

ISS027-E-017809 (28 April 2011) --- European Space Agency astronaut Paolo Nespoli, Expedition 27 flight engineer, works with the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS040-E-083578 (30 July 2014) --- European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst, Expedition 40 flight engineer, performs two tests with a combustion experiment known as the Burning and Suppression of Solids (BASS-II) in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. The experiment seeks to provide insight on how flames burn in space compared to Earth which may provide fire safety benefits aboard future spacecraft.

iss047e012491 (03/21/2016) --- NASA astronaut Tim Kopra stows hardware from the OASIS experiment aboard the International Space Station. OASIS, which stands for Observation and Analysis of Smectic Islands In Space, studies the unique behavior of liquid crystals in microgravity.

ISS034-E-040209 (5 Feb. 2013) --- NASA astronaut Kevin Ford, Expedition 34 commander, reconfigures cables for the Joint Station Local Area Network in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. The cable work is in preparation for the installation of a new KU communications unit inside Destiny.

iss070e027395 (Nov. 20, 2023) --- JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut and Expedition 70 Flight Engineer Satoshi Furukawa turns off a microscope in the International Space Station's Kibo laboratory module and removes samples for the Cell Gravisensing space biology study. The investigation is exploring how cells sense gravity and may lead to improved therapies treating conditions such as muscle atrophy and osteoporosis both on Earth and in space.

S126-E-012088 (27 Nov. 2008) --- Having completed the current home improvement project with other members of the joint space shuttle-International Space Station aggregation aboard the orbital outpost, astronaut Eric Boe turns to housekeeping chores aboard Endeavour. The pilot uses a vacuum cleaner to remove dust particles from the air filter system on the shuttle's middeck.

ISS038-E-024791 (2 Jan. 2014) --- In the International Space Station's Kibo laboratory, NASA astronaut Rick Mastracchio, Expedition 38 flight engineer, performs troubleshooting on the Biorack centrifuge for NanoRacks, a facility that provides lower-cost microgravity research facilities for small payloads utilizing a standardized "plug-and-play" interface. Mastracchio checked the three settings of the centrifuge, which is designed to simulate the gravity of Earth, the moon and Mars.

ISS006-E-07127 (5 December 2002) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Bowersox, Expedition Six mission commander, works with the Zeolite Crystal Growth (ZCG) experiment in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS).

ISS038-E-006757 (21 Nov. 2013) --- In the International Space Station's Destiny laboratory, NASA astronaut Rick Mastracchio, Expedition 38 flight engineer, removes a dewar tray from the Minus Eighty Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) in order to insert biological samples into the trays.

S131-E-007267 (7 April 2010) --- NASA astronaut James P. Dutton Jr., STS-131 pilot, writes notes on a checklist while working on the aft flight deck of space shuttle Discovery during flight day three activities.

ISS012-E-16184 (18 Jan. 2006) --- Astronaut William S. (Bill) McArthur, Jr., Expedition 12 commander and NASA space station science officer, sets up the Protein Crystal Growth Monitoring by Digital Holographic Microscope (PromISS) experiment hardware inside the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) facility in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station.

ISS029-E-028512 (18 Oct. 2011) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, Expedition 29 flight engineer, works on the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus 5 / Science Insert-05 (CGBA-5/CSI-5) experiment in the Columbus laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS027-E-014895 (21 April 2011) --- European Space Agency astronaut Paolo Nespoli, Expedition 27 flight engineer, works with the Light Microscopy Module (LMM) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS031-E-143839 (25 June 2012) --- European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, Expedition 31 flight engineer, prepares to insert biological samples in the Minus Eighty Laboratory Freezer for ISS-2 (MELFI-2) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS019-E-013706 (4 May 2009) --- Astronaut Michael Barratt, Expedition 19/20 flight engineer, holds a still camera in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

iss059e068226 (May 21, 2019) --- NASA astronaut Nick Hague of Expedition 59 sequences DNA samples for a study exploring how increased exposure to space radiation impacts crew health. He used the Biomolecule Sequencer for the investigation to demonstrate DNA sequencing in space. The Genes In Space-6 experiment is researching how space radiation damages DNA and how the cell repair mechanism works in microgravity.

ISS032-E-010066 (22 July 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, Expedition 32 commander, wearing a communication headset and holding a still camera, monitors the undocking of the unpiloted Progress 47 resupply spacecraft from a window in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. The Progress temporarily undocked from the stations Pirs Docking Compartment on July 22, 2012 in order to perform a series of engineering tests during re-docking designed to verify an upgraded automated rendezvous system that will facilitate future dockings of Russian vehicles to the space station. Progress 47 separated from the station to a distance of about 100 miles and held position for 24 hours.

ISS015-E-14705 (28 June 2007) --- Astronaut Clayton C. Anderson, Expedition 15 flight engineer, works with the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS006-E-39401 (17 March 2003) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six NASA ISS science officer, makes a valve adjustment to the Fluid Control Pump Assembly (FCPA), which is a part of the Internal Thermal Control System (ITCS) in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS).

S130-E-008980 (16 Feb. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Stephen Robinson, STS-130 mission specialist, uses a High Definition Video (HDV) camera at a window in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station while space shuttle Endeavour remains docked with the station.

ISS028-E-025963 (18 Aug. 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Andrey Borisenko, Expedition 28 commander, inspects a new growth experiment on the BIO-5 Rasteniya-2 (Plants-2) payload with its LADA-01 greenhouse in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

ISS028-E-009754 (27 June 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 28 flight engineer, works with the new KPT-21 PK-3+ Plasma Crystal-3+ (Plazmennyi-Kristall-3 plus) Telescience payload in the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) of the International Space Station.

ISS036-E-015512 (5 July 2013) --- European Space Agency astronaut Luca Parmitano, Expedition 36 flight engineer, speaks into a microphone while performing routine servicing of the Water Pump Assembly 2 (WPA2) in the Columbus laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS036-E-021087 (17 July 2013) --- European Space Agency astronaut Luca Parmitano, Expedition 36 flight engineer, installs Life Support Modules (LSMs) 1 and 2 on the Biolab in the Columbus laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS036-E-007233 (12 June 2013) --- European Space Agency astronaut Luca Parmitano, Expedition 36 flight engineer, plays a keyboard instrument in the Unity node during some of his off-duty time aboard the Earth-orbiting International Space Station. Parmitano is scheduled to stay aboard the orbital outpost until November.

ISS026-E-031000 (28 Feb. 2011) --- Attired in his Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit, NASA astronaut Alvin Drew, STS-133 mission specialist, enters the International Space Stations Quest airlock as the missions first spacewalk draws to a close. NASA astronaut Michael Barratt, mission specialist, assisted Drew.

ISS021-E-006209 (14 Oct. 2009) --- European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, Expedition 21 commander, works with Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) hardware in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS006-E-08610 (18 December 2002) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six NASA ISS science officer, looks over a procedures checklist in the Zvezda Service Module (SM) on the International Space Station (ISS). Pettit went on to complete the scheduled Week 3 potable water sampling and on-orbit chemical/microbial analysis of the SM environment control and life support system.

iss048e049824 (8/5/2016) --- NASA astronaut Jeff Williams transfers two canisters for the Biological Research in Canisters - Natural Product under Microgravity (BRIC-NP) experiment to ExPRESS (Expedite the Processing of Experiments to Space Station) Rack 2 Locker 6, LAB1O1-D2, in the Destiny U.S. Laboratory aboard the International Space Station (ISS). In the BRIC-NP investigation, fungal strains isolated from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) accident are screened for the secretion of natural products that could be beneficial for biomedical and agricultural applications.

ISS040-E-011005 (13 June 2014) --- European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst, Expedition 40 flight engineer, works with samples and hardware for a combustion experiment known as the Burning and Suppression of Solids (BASS) in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. He is wearing a Drager Double Sensor on his forehead which is used on the Circadian Rhythms Experiment. This experiment examines the hypothesis that long-term spaceflights significantly affect the synchronization of the circadian rhythms in humans due to changes of a non-24 hour light-dark cycle.

ISS028-E-047464 (12 Sept. 2011) --- NASA astronaut Ron Garan, Expedition 28 flight engineer, works behind the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) rack located in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS036-E-023770 (22 July 2013) --- NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy, Expedition 36 flight engineer, conducts science work with the ongoing experiment Advanced Colloids Experiment-1 (ACE-1) inside the Fluids Integrated Rack. The experiment observes colloids, microscopic particles evenly dispersed throughout materials, with the potential for manufacturing improved materials and products on Earth. Cassidy is working at the Light Microscopy Module (LMM) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

iss064e007106 (Nov. 30, 2020) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 64 Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins is pictured during operations with a science freezer that preserves biological samples at ultra-cold temperatures. Known as Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI), it preserves a variety of life science samples such as blood, saliva, microbes and plants for later analysis.

ISS037-E-010721 (5 Oct. 2013) --- A specimen of human blood or a body fluid like saliva and urine is stowed by astronaut Michael Hopkins onboard the International Space Station on Oct. 5, 2013. The objects of post-mission research by scientists on the ground, all the various aforementioned biological samples have to be frozen until the return to Earth.

ISS030-E-050932 (27 Jan. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov (left), Expedition 30 flight engineer, monitors data at the manual TORU docking system controls in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station during approach and docking operations of the unpiloted ISS Progress 46 resupply vehicle. Progress 46 docked automatically to the Pirs Docking Compartment via the Kurs automated rendezvous system at 7:00 p.m. (EST) on Jan. 27, 2012. NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, commander, looks on.

ISS030-E-049671 (21 Jan. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, Expedition 30 commander, uses still cameras to photograph the topography of a point on Earth from a window in the Cupola of the International Space Station. One camera is an infrared modified still camera.

ISS018-E-033816 (19 Feb. 2009) --- Astronaut Michael Fincke, Expedition 18 commander, removes, cleans and replaces electronic test components on a single test card using Component Repair Equipment (CRE-1) hardware in a portable glovebox facility in the Harmony node of the International Space Station. Fincke unsoldered 1 1/2 components from an integrated circuit board and re-soldered new components including an integrated circuit chip.

ISS020-E-015893 (29 June 2009) --- European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, Expedition 20 flight engineer, works with the Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device (SLAMMD) in the Columbus laboratory of the International Space Station.

iss052e004182 (6/19/2017) --- Photo of NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson performing change out of Imaging Unit on the Bone Desitometer (BD) located in Node 2.

STS095-E-5227 (4 Nov. 1998) --- Astronaut Steven W. Lindsey, STS-95 pilot, has done a 180-degree change of posture from earlier frame as he inputs data on a laptop in Spacehab aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 03:07:52 GMT, Nov. 4.

ISS047e050514 (04/07/2016) --- Expedition 47 Commander Tim Kopra configures the stations Microgravity Science Glovebox for upcoming research operations. The glovebox is one of the major dedicated science facilities inside Destiny. It has a large front window and built-in gloves to provide a sealed environment for conducting science and technology experiments. The Glovebox is particularly suited for handling hazardous materials when the crew is present.

. iss068e020375 (Nov. 1, 2022) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 68 Flight Engineer Frank Rubio cleans fans. filters, and components inside the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) after rotating it down from its rack slot in the U.S. Destiny laboratory module. The MSG hosts numerous space science experiments from physics to biology aboard the International Space Station. Credit: Josh Cassada/NASA

. iss068e038127 (Jan. 5, 2023) - NASA astronaut and Expedition 68 Flight Engineer Josh Cassada checks out and calibrates the mass measurement device that calculates the mass of biological research samples aboard the International Space Station.

ISS030-E-047173 (23 Jan. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, Expedition 30 commander, works with the Major Constituent Analyzer Mass Spectrometer Assembly (MCA MSA) of the Atmosphere Revitalization system in the Tranquility node of the International Space Station.

ISS021-E-006177 (14 Oct. 2009) --- NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams, Expedition 21 flight engineer, works with the Portable Pulmonary Function System (PPFS) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, commander, works in the background.

iss061e091427 (Dec. 17, 2019) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 61 Flight Engineer Andrew Morgan installs a new artificial gravity generator inside an incubator, also known as the Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF), located in the Japanese Kibo laboratory module. The CBEF is used for a variety of life science experiments including cultivating cells and plants.

ISS040-E-060673 (14 July 2014) --- NASA astronaut Steve Swanson, Expedition 40 commander, works with test samples for the Advanced Colloids Experiment (ACE) at a work station in the Harmony node of the International Space Station.

ISS040-E-070861 (22 July 2014) --- Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev, Expedition 40 flight engineer, practices manual docking techniques with the TORU, or telerobotically operated rendezvous system, in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station in preparation for the docking of the Progress 56 spacecraft. Suraev, using the Simvol-TS screen and hand controllers, could manually dock the Progress to the station in the event of a failure of the Kurs automated docking system. The Progress 56 craft is scheduled to complete its automated docking to the Pirs docking compartment at 11:30 p.m. (EDT) on July 23, 2014.

ISS030-E-178648 (30 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, performs a session of Burning and Suppression of Solids (BASS) fire safety tests at the Microgravity Sciences Glovebox (MSG) in the International Space Stations Destiny laboratory. BASS uses Smoke Point in Coflow Experiment (SPICE) equipment but burns solid fuel samples instead of gaseous jets.

ISS039-E-005726 (27 March 2014) --- Expedition 39 Flight Engineer Rick Mastracchio performs inflight maintenance on an experiment called Burning and Suppression of Solids (BASS)-II. The investigation examines the burning and extinction characteristics of a wide variety of fuel samples in microgravity. The BASS-II experiment will guide strategies for materials flammability screening for use in spacecraft as well as provide valuable data on solid fuel burning behavior in microgravity. BASS-II results contribute to the combustion computational models used in the design of fire detection and suppression systems in microgravity and on Earth.

iss056e075951 (July 3, 2018) --- Astronaut Alexander Gerst of ESA (European Space Agency) works inside the Japanese Kibo laboratory module retrieving Protein Crystal Growth samples from a science freezer, also known as the Freezer-Refrigerator Of STirling cycle (FROST).

ISS018-E-020075 (14 Jan. 2009) --- Cosmonaut Yury Lonchakov, Expedition 18 flight engineer, works with supplies and equipment stowed in the functional cargo block (FGB) or Zarya of the International Space Station.

ISS036-E-038552 (30 Aug. 2013) --- NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy, Expedition 36 flight engineer, works on an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit in the Quest airlock of the International Space Station.

iss064e024157 (Jan. 19, 2021) --- Roscosmos cosmonaut and Expedition 64 Commander Sergey Ryzhikov reviews emergency escape procedures on a computer in the unlikely event the crew would have to evacuate the station and quickly undock inside their Soyuz crew ship.

ISS029-E-021648 (10 Oct. 2011) --- NASA astronaut Mike Fossum, Expedition 29 commander, installs the Advanced Recycle Filter Tank Assembly (ARFTA) at the Urine Processor Assembly / Water Recovery System (UPA WRS) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS033-E-007419 (25 Sept. 2012) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Aki Hoshide (top) and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, both Expedition 33 flight engineers, work in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

iss056e142862_alt (8/13/2018) - Astronaut Ricky Arnold prepares samples for the Barrios Protein Crystal Growth (Barrios PCG) experiment in the Maintenance Work Area (MWA) of the International Space Station (ISS). The Barrios PCG experiment defined an approach for optimizing protein crystallization conditions on orbit, eliminating the need to return samples to the ground during the optimization phase, which has the potential for saving substantial time and money on future PCG investigations in microgravity.

ISS033-E-016098 (25 Oct. 2012) --- In the Zvezda Service Module, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, Expedition 33 flight engineer, monitors the rendezvous and docking of the Soyuz TMA-06M spacecraft, bringing NASA astronaut Kevin Ford, Russian cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy and Evgeny Tarelkin to the space station.

ISS021-E-012527 (26 Oct. 2009) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut Robert Thirsk, Expedition 21 flight engineer, removes a dewar tray from the Minus Eighty Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) in order to insert biological samples into the trays in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS014-E-09879 (14 Dec. 2006) --- Cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin (foreground), Expedition 14 flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, STS-116 mission specialist, work with the Direct Current-to-Current Converter Unit (DDCU-2) rack during reconfiguration activity while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station.

ISS040-E-091635 (12 Aug. 2014) --- In the Zvezda Service Module, European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst (left) and Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov, both Expedition 40 flight engineers, monitor the approach and docking of ESA's "Georges Lemaitre" Automated Transfer Vehicle-5 (ATV-5) to the International Space Station.

ISS006-E-44297 (5 April 2003) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six NASA ISS science officer, prepares to deploy an observation experiment in the nadir window in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS).

ISS014-E-19179 (April 2007) --- Cosmonaut Oleg V. Kotov, Expedition 15 flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works with a test sample in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

ISS041-E-045086 (27 Sept. 2014) --- European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst, Expedition 41 flight engineer, works with a measurement experiment in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS008-E-20622 (5 April 2004) --- Astronaut C. Michael Foale, Expedition 8 commander and NASA ISS science officer, conducts an inspection of the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) / Exchangeable Standard Electronic Module (ESEM) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS).

ISS009-E-14472 (10 July 2004) --- Astronaut Edward M. (Mike) Fincke, Expedition 9 NASA ISS science officer and flight engineer, works on the In-Space Soldering Investigation (ISSI) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS).

ISS043E190395 (05/13/2015) --- NASA astronaut Terry Virts prepares the Multi-user Droplet Combustion Apparatus from inside the Combustion Integrated Rack for upcoming runs of the FLame Extinguishment Experiment, or FLEX-2. The FLEX-2 experiment studies how quickly fuel burns, the conditions required for soot to form, and how mixtures of fuels evaporate before burning. Understanding these processes could lead to the production of a safer spacecraft as well as increased fuel efficiency for engines using liquid fuel on Earth.

S128-E-007090 (31 Aug. 2009) --- Astronaut Jose Hernandez, STS-128 mission specialist, uses a communication system on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery while docked with the International Space Station.

ISS014-E-10647 (29 Dec. 2006) --- Astronaut Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Expedition 14 commander and NASA space station science officer, performs the European Modular Cultivation System (EMSC) -- Experiment Container (EC) replacement in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

S117-E-06650 (9 June 2007) --- Astronaut Patrick Forrester, STS-117 mission specialist, looks over procedures checklists on the middeck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis.

ISS027-E-013406 (18 April 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Andrey Borisenko, Expedition 27 flight engineer, conducts an active session for the Russian experiment KPT-10 "Kulonovskiy Kristall" (Coulomb Crystal) in the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) of the International Space Station.

ISS040-E-070857 (22 July 2014) --- Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov, Expedition 40 flight engineer, practices manual docking techniques with the TORU, or telerobotically operated rendezvous system, in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station in preparation for the docking of the Progress 56 spacecraft. Skvortsov, using the Simvol-TS screen and hand controllers, could manually dock the Progress to the station in the event of a failure of the Kurs automated docking system. The Progress 56 craft is scheduled to complete its automated docking to the Pirs docking compartment at 11:30 p.m. (EDT) on July 23, 2014.

iss052e058906 (8/18/2017) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Paolo Nespoli collects and processes saliva samples in the bioanalyzer for the ISS Non-invasive Sample Investigation and Results Transmission to ground with the Utmost easiness (In Situ). Crew on the International Space Station (ISS) are continually monitored for health changes, and as part of these measurements, they take saliva samples that are stored and returned to Earth later. The ISS Non-invasive Sample Investigation and results Transmission to ground with the Utmost easiness (IN SITU) bioanalysis is a portable device that can check crew members saliva on board, enabling direct real-time analysis. The devices first uses are to monitor stress levels and appetites among crew members

ISS014-E-05129 (3 Oct. 2006) --- Astronaut Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Expedition 14 commander and NASA space station science officer, uses a computer in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS028-E-047461 (12 Sept. 2011) --- NASA astronaut Ron Garan, Expedition 28 flight engineer, works behind the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) rack located in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

S132-E-009160 (22 May 2010) --- The Unity node, having been a part of the International Space Station for 11 ½ years, appears about ready to host another meal. Russian cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov, Expedition 23 flight engineer, puts out a space spread” in the galley of the module. Off and on, for the past week, the large orbital outpost, consisting of many modules this size and larger, has hosted a total of twelve astronauts and cosmonauts who have joined efforts in working on completion of the station.

iss042e046523 (12/16/14) --- Expedition 42 Flight Engineer Terry Virts of NASA is seen here on 16 December 2014 setting up the stations Microgravity Science Glovebox for the upcoming Micro-5 experiment. Micro-5 will use roundworms as a model organism with the microbe Salmonella typhimurium, which causes food poisoning in humans, to better understand the risks of in-flight infections in space explorers.

ISS020-E-006338 (3 June 2009) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut Robert Thirsk (left) and European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, both Expedition 20 flight engineers, perform in-flight maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

iss056e009784 (June 11, 2018) --- Expedition 56 Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (ESA) is seated in the Columbus laboratory module participating in the Grip study. Grip is an ESA-sponsored experiment that is researching how the nervous system adapts to microgravity. Observations may improve the design of safer space habitats and help patients on Earth with neurological diseases.

ISS020-E-045307 (5 Oct. 2009) --- NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams, Expedition 21 flight engineer, uses Neurospat hardware to perform the Bodies in the Space Environment (BISE) experiment in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. The Canadian Space Agency-sponsored BISE experiment studies how astronauts perceive up and down in microgravity.

STS082-353-035 (11-21 Feb. 1997) --- Astronaut Steven A. Hawley, who spent many hours aboard Discovery controlling the shuttle's Remote Manipulator System (RMS), watches the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) of a two-man space walking team from Discovery's aft flight deck. Hawley had flown on the 1990 mission that was responsible for deploying the orbiting observatory.

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ISS020-E-041651 (22 Sept. 2009) --- NASA astronaut Michael Barratt works with the Atmosphere Revitalization System (ARS) rack in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Barratt, Canadian Space Agency astronaut Robert Thirsk (out of frame) and European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne (out of frame), all Expedition 20 flight engineers, spent several hours with the extensive dual-rack swap/install activity, to move Destinys ARS rack to the Kibo laboratory and install in Destiny in its place the newly-delivered ARS rack for Node-3.

ISS013-E-66727 (August 2006) --- Cosmonaut Pavel V. Vinogradov, Expedition 13 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, wears a communication system headset while using a video camcorder and computer in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

ISS032-E-024437 (30 Aug. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, Expedition 32 flight engineer, works the controls of the Canadarm2 Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) in support of the missions second session of extravehicular activity (EVA) from inside the International Space Stations Destiny laboratory.

ISS015-E-13632 (25 June 2007) --- Cosmonaut Fyodor N. Yurchikhin, Expedition 15 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, performs in-flight maintenance (IFM) on telemetry hardware in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

STS095-E-5134 (3 Nov. 1998) --- Astronaut Curtis L. Brown, STS-95 commander, on Discovery's aft flight deck during operations to retrieve the free-flying Spartan 201-05 satellite. The photograph was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 3:17:38 GMT, Nov. 3.

ISS006-E-08763 (13 December 2002) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six NASA ISS science officer, performs scheduled in-flight maintenance (IFM) in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS).

S135-E-007093 (10 July 2011) Astronaut Doug Hurley, STS-135 pilot, is pictured on the aft flight deck of the space shuttle Atlantis during the missions third day in space.

S128-E-006284 (29 Aug. 2009) --- Astronaut Jose Hernandez, STS-128 mission specialist, uses a computer on the middeck of Space Shuttle Discovery during flight day two activities.

ISS020-E-010305 (15 June 2009) --- European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, Expedition 20 flight engineer, works at the Clean Bench Facility in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS026-E-016599 (10 Jan. 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Alexander Kaleri, Expedition 26 flight engineer, works in the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) of the International Space Station.

NASA astronaut and Expedition 66 Flight Engineer Raja Chari replaces hardware inside the Combustion Integrated Rack that supports the ACME (Advanced Combustion via Microgravity Experiments) study. ACME is a series of six independent studies of gaseous flames seeking to improve fuel efficiency, reduce pollution, and promote spacecraft fire prevention.

ISS036-E-032134 (13 Aug. 2013) --- In the International Space Stations Kibo laboratory, NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy, Expedition 36 flight engineer, conducts a session with a pair of bowling-ball-sized free-flying satellites known as Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites, or SPHERES.

STS095-E-5218 (4 Nov. 1998) --- Astronaut Steven W. Lindsey, STS-95 pilot, inputs data on a lap top computer in the Spacehab facility onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The photo was taken with anelectronic still camera (ESC) at 02:58:43 GMT, Nov. 4.

ISS030-E-148381 (22 Jan. 2012) --- European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, Expedition 30 flight engineer, prepares to exercise in the Tranquility node of the International Space Station, using the advanced Resistive Exercise Device (aRED).

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