Molecular Models of Enzymes

3D representations of various enzymes and molecular structures relevant to biochemistry and biology.

Elongation factor G. Molecular model of elongation factor G (EF-G) complexed with GDP (guanosine diphosphate). This enzyme is involved in the elongati...

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Glucansucrase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the cleavage of sucrose into fructose and glucose.

Oxidoreductase enzyme complex. Molecular model of a complex of NADH-quinone oxidoreductase subunits. The whole is termed respiratory complex I, due to...

Adenylyl cyclase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate....

mRNA capping apparatus. Molecular model of the Cet-1-Ceg1 mRNA capping apparatus.

Varicella_zoster virus protease, molecular model. This enzyme is essential to the virus life cycle and so is a target for drugs.

Elongation factor G. Molecular model of elongation factor G (EF-G) complexed with GDP (guanosine diphosphate). This enzyme is involved in the elongati...

LAC repressor. Molecular model of a LAC (lactose) repressor molecule. The LAC repressor inhibits the expression of genes that code for an enzyme which...

Computer generated three-dimensional molecular model of hemoglobin, based upon the Protein Database entry number, 1gzx. In this model, the heme groups of the hemoglobin are oxygenated

Botulinum toxin molecule, illustration

Nucleotide exchange factor. Molecular model of the nucleotide exchange factor protein GrpE complexed with the chaperone protein DnaK. GrpE promotes th...

Lipase molecule, molecular model. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol. Human pancreatic lipase is the main enz...

Urease

Anthrax lethal factor, molecular model. This enzyme is one of three protein components that form the anthrax toxin produced by the bacterium Bacillus ...

T cell receptor. Molecular model of an alpha T cell receptor. T cell receptors are protein complexes found on the surface of a type of white blood cel...

Acetylcholinesterase, molecular model. This enzyme hydrolyses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, stopping signal transmission.

NAD dependent DNA ligase. Molecular model of NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligase. DNA ligase is an enzyme that binds two strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid...

Nucleosome, molecular model. A nucleosome is a subunit of chromatin, the substance that forms chromosomes. It consists of a short length of DNA (deoxy...

Alcohol dehydrogenase, molecular model. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is an enzyme that facilitates the break-down of alcohols in the body, which could ...

Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase. Molecular model of the enzyme human uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (UROD). Mutations or deficiencies in this e...

Tick_borne encephalitis virus fusion protein. Molecular model of a fusion protein from the tick_borne encephalitis virus. This protein is involved in ...

Cell adhesion protein. Molecular model of the ectodomain of the cell adhesion protein c-cadherin. This transmembrane protein facilitates adhesion betw...

Hendra virus fusion protein. Molecular model of the core of the fusion protein from the hendra virus. This protein is involved in the fusion of the vi...

Bleomycin hydrolase. Molecular model of the cysteine protease bleomycin hydrolase. This enzyme is thought to be a major cause of resistance to the ble...

Human growth hormone (hGH), molecular model. hGH is produced in the anterior pituitary gland of the brain. It binds to specific receptors on cells in ...

Photosystem II. Molecular model of the photosystem II complex. Photosystems are protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. Photosystem II is found ...

NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, molecular model. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is an enzyme that facilitates the break-down of alcohols in the bod...

NpmA methyltransferase, molecular model. Methyltransferase enzymes act to add methyl groups to nucleic acids such as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), a pr...

Cytochrome P450 and fluconazole. Molecular model of cytochrome P450 complexed with the anti-fungal compound fluconazole. This protein plays a crucial ...

Human serum albumin, molecular model. Albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma. It is seen here complexed with stearic acid, a satur...

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor. Molecular model of a human beta-2 adrenergic receptor bound to an antibody. Beta receptors respond to adrenalin, causing a...

HIV reverse transcription enzyme. Molecular model of the reverse transcriptase enzyme (blue and green) found in HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus)...

Haemagglutinin protein subunit. Molecular model of the ectodomain of the haemagglutinin HA(2) subunit. Haemagglutinin is a surface protein from the in...

CYP2D6 liver enzyme molecule, illustration

Metabolic enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme aconitase, which is involved in the citric acid (or Krebs) cycle. The citric acid cycle is the process...

Succinyl-CoA synthetase bound to GTP, molecular model. Also known as succinyl coenzyme A synthetase (SCS), this enzyme catalyses the reversible reacti...

BCL-2 regulatory protein molecule, illustration

Myoglobin, molecular model. Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle cells that stores oxygen.

Enzyme catalysing DNA recombination. Molecular model of the enzyme CRE (cyclization recombination) recombinase (green and purple) mediating the recomb...

Molecular structure of receptor of Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome Virus (MERS virus, red) complexed with human cellular receptor DPP4 (blue) (PDB 4L...

Molecule of tetanus neurotoxin, illustration

Bacterial biofilm enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme glucansucrase from the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. This enzyme is used to form bacterial b...

Bacteriophage T4 lysozyme, molecular model. Lysozymes are enzymes that disrupt the polysaccharide components of bacterial cell walls, leaving them sus...

Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex. Molecular model of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex from the green sulphur bacterium Prosthecochloris aestuarii. At the ...

Reverse transcriptase and inhibitor

Molecule of tetanus neurotoxin, illustration

Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration

Monoclonal antibody IgG1 molecule, illustration

Beta secretase enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme beta secretase bound to an inhibitor molecule. Beta secretase is a membrane-associated aspartic p...

Human prion protein molecule, illustration

Scavenger mRNA-decapping enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme hydrolyses the cap that is left after 3' to 5' mRNA degradation.

Immunoglobulin G and egg white. Molecular model of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody bound to a molecule of egg white. This is the most abundant immu...

Myoglobin, molecular model. Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle tissue, where it binds to and stores oxygen to be used during strenuous exercise. T...

TATA box-binding protein complex. Molecular model showing a yeast TATA box-binding protein (TBP) complexed with a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid...

Retroviral intasome molecule. Molecular model of an intasome from a retrovirus complexed with host cell DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Intasomes are nuc...

HGPRTase. Molecular model of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. HGPRTase is in...

Insulin, molecular model. Insulin plays an important role in blood sugar regulation. It is released from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are high...

Birch pollen allergen molecule, illustration

Viral RNA packaging signal complex. Molecular model of the muPsi RNA packaging signal complex from the Rous sarcoma vuris. This RNA (ribonucleic acid)...

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is protein composed of 238 amino acids (26.9kDa), which exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to blue light

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex, illustration

Troponin cardiac protein molecule, illustration

CETP protein molecule, illustration

Sex hormone-binding globulin. Molecular model of the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) protein complexed with the male sex hormone dihydrotestostero...

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein uses a guide RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequence to cut DNA (deoxy...

Cytochrome BC1, Molecular model. Cytochrome molecules perform oxidation and reduction reactions for electron transport, a chain of reactions used to p...

Fatty acid synthase (FAS), molecular model. FAS is a multi-enzyme that plays a key role in the synthesis of fatty acids (lipids) in the human body. It...

Molecular model of the bacterial glycine riboswitch. This is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist...

C-reactive protein, molecular model. The protein is made up of five sub-units (monomers) arranged in a ring. The secondary structure of the protein is...

Immunoglobulin G antibody molecule. Computer model of the secondary structure of immunoglobulin G (IgG). This is the most abundant immunoglobulin and ...

Kinesin motor protein. Molecular model of the ncd kinesin motor protein. Kinesin motor proteins transport vesicles containing intracellular cargo arou...

Green fluorescent protein (GFP), molecular model. The molecule has a cylindrical structure formed from beta sheets (ribbons). GFP is found in the Paci...

TNF alpha molecule, illustration

Yeast enzyme. Molecular model of an enzyme from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This is the 20S proteasome. A proteasome is a complex type o...

Transducin protein beta-gamma complex. Molecular model of the beta-gamma dimer of the heterotrimeric G protein transducin. This complex consists of tw...

DNA nucleosome. Molecular model of a nucleosome, the fundamental repeating unit used to package DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) inside cell nuclei. DNA is...

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein uses a guide RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequence to cut DNA (deoxy...

Tumour suppressor protein. Molecular model of the tumour suppressor protein p53 (beige) bound to a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blu...

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein (white) uses a guide RNA (blue) sequence to cut DNA (red) at a...

Glutamine synthetase enzyme, molecular model. This ligase enzyme forms chemical bonds between molecules. It plays an important role in the metabolism ...

Trypsinogen molecule. Molecular model of trypsinogen, the precursor to the digestive protease enzyme trypsin, complexed with an inhibitor. Trypsin is ...

Lactose transporter protein. Molecular model of the transmembrane transport protein lactose permease bound with a lactose homolog. This protein, from ...

Pepsin stomach enzyme, molecular model. Pepsin is a protease enzyme that is secreted as part of gastric juice into the stomach in an inactive form kno...

Haemoglobin protein molecule, illustration

Transposase enzyme and DNA complex. Molecular model of a TN5 transposase enzyme bound to the transposon end of a DNA molecule (red and blue). Transpos...

Galactoside acetyltransferase, molecular model. This enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli is involved in the lac operon. The lac operon allows t...

Citrate acid cycle enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase. This enzyme is involved in the citric acid (or Krebs) c...

RNA polymerase. Molecular model of RNA polymerase (beige) transcribing a strand of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid, pink) from a DNA (deoxyribonuclei...

Molecular model,trimeric G-protein/transduci

Three-dimensional computer generated model of a nucleosome based upon the Protein Database entry #1AOI. This shows a complex between the histone core and a 146 base pair long DNA fragment

Interferon gamma molecule, illustration

Poliovirus virus particle, computer model.

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex, illustration

Semliki forest virus fusion protein. Molecular model of the glycoprotein E1 from the Semliki forest virus. This protein is involved in the fusion of t...

Pepsin stomach enzyme, molecular model. Pepsin is a protease enzyme that is secreted as part of gastric juice into the stomach in an inactive form kno...

The molecular structure of CB1 is shown as a yellow ribbon with the linked stabilizing antagonist AM6538 as orange rods. The active ingredient in marijuana, THC, comes in the form of yellow rods. NIH-funded research provides insight into the design of safe and effective cannabinoid drugs.

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein uses a guide RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequence to cut DNA (deoxy...

Haemoglobin protein molecule, illustration

Ribosom als Teil einer biologischen Zelle, die ein Boten-RNA-Molekül aufbaut - 3d-Illustration Ribosome as part of an biological cell constructing messenger rna molecule - 3d illustration Copyright: xZoonar.com/ChristophxBurgstedtx 22579316

Transcription repressor protein and DNA, molecular model. The repressor protein (green) is binding to a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, pink and...

Cholera toxin, molecular model. Cholera toxin (choleragen) is a protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which causes the disease ch...

Epidermal growth factor molecule, illustration

Interferon beta molecule, illustration

Nucleosome molecule, illustration

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy, illustration

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, mol. model

Nano gears, computer artwork.

Molecular structure of apo toxin of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium which causes gastric and duodenal ulcer.

This protein structure diagram illustrates the location of the fusion peptide epitope (red) on the HIV spike (green), which projects out of the viral membrane (grey). The diagram also shows how a broadly neutralizing antibody (yellow) binds to the fusion peptide.

Internal ribosome entry site. Molecular model of an internal ribosome entry site nucleotide sequence from the hepatitis C virus. This sequence is esse...

Insulin 2HIU

Methionine aminopeptidase, molecular model. This enzyme removes the amino acid methionine from proteins.

Cardiac muscle complex, illustration

Fentanyl binding to mu-opioid receptor, illustration

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, mol. model

Abstract molecule, computer artwork.

Transcription activator and DNA. Molecular model of the transcriptional activator of the multidrug efflux transporter BmrR bound to a molecule of DNA ...

Yeast enzyme. Molecular model of an enzyme from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This is the 20S proteasome. A proteasome is a complex type o...

Endonuclease and DNA. Molecular model of an endonuclease restriction enzyme (yellow) bound to a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Restriction e...

Human papilloma virus particle

Tyrosine protein-kinase Src,a proto-oncogene

RNA-editing enzyme. Molecular model of a left-handed, RNA double helix (Z-RNA, centre) bound by the Z alpha domain of the human RNA-editing enzyme ADA...

A research team led by scientists from the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has determined how several antibodies induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus that causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with certain cancers, block infection of cells grown in the laboratory. They then used this information to develop new candidate vaccines that, in animals, elicited potent anti-EBV antibody responses that blocked infection of cell types implicated in EBV-associated cancers.

In this image: Molecular view of DHHC palmitoyltransferases. Human DHHC20 (yellow) is embedded in the Golgi membrane (green), a compartment located inside cells. DHHC20 attaches a chain of fatty acids (white) to a target protein (blue, foreground), which anchors the protein to the Golgi membrane.

Illustration of a ribosome. Ribosomes are macromolecular complexes in the cytoplasm of cells where proteins are produced. Ribosomes translate the nucl...

Immunoglobulin G antibody, molecular model

Multidrug transporter molecule, illustration

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), molecular model. IGFs are polypeptides that are similar in their molecular structure to insulin. IGF-1 is mainly...

Chromatin remodelling factor and DNA, molecular model. The strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are at left and right. This chromatin remodelling fa...

Sucrose_specific porin, molecular model. Porins are proteins that span cell membranes and act as a channel through which specific molecules can diffus...

Amyloid beta molecule, illustration

RGS domain. Molecular model of the regulator of G protein signalling RGS domain, which is found in a number a proteins

LDL particle binding to a receptor, illustration

Animal Earth Red Worms for Fishing Isolated on White Background. Animal Earth Red Worms for Fishing Isolated

GDF15 protein, illustration

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein (white) uses a guide RNA (blue) sequence to cut DNA (red) at a...

Molecular model of renin-inhibitor complex

Working in an office

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), molecular model. IGFs are polypeptides that are similar in their molecular structure to insulin. IGF-1 is mainly...

Activated RAGE receptor, illustration

Growth hormone receptor, molecular model

Zinc transporter Yiip, molecular model. This transmembrane protein facilitates the movement of zinc ions.

Histidine phosphocarrier protein surface pot

Bacterial alpha-hemolysin toxin, molecular model. This toxin is secreted by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It is an example of a pore-forming to...

Tumour suppressor protein. Molecular model of the tumour suppressor protein p53 (beige) bound to a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blu...

Synthetic triple helical peptide, molecular model.

Histidine phosphocarrier protein, mol. model

Molecular model showing three of the main epigenetic modifications of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, orange) and histones (dark blue). Histones are prote...

Circular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule, computer artwork. Circular DNA has no ends, but consists of a ring structure.

Multidrug transporter molecule, illustration

Enkephalin binding to opioid receptor, illustration

Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, illustration

Clostridium difficile bacterium with peritrichous flagella, computer illustration. C. difficile is Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore forming, rod-shaped...

Artwork of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH).

Activation of Ras protein, illustration

Histidine phosphocarrier protein, mol. model

Mesothelin protein bound to antibody, illustration

Iron storage molecule. Molecular model of ferritin, a protein that acts as an iron store and is mainly found in the liver, kidneys and spleen.

RAGE receptor, illustration

Multidrug efflux pumps, illustration

Transient receptor potential channel TRPV2, illustration

Beta-hexosaminidase A enzyme, illustration

Coagulation factor VIII molecule, illustration

T cell receptor, CD4 and MHC proteins, illustration

Transfer RNA_synthetase complex molecule. Molecular model of a human tryptophanyl_tRNA synthetase molecule red complexed with a tRNATrp molecule blue....

Phosphotyrosyl phosphatase + bound analogue

Multidrug efflux pumps, illustration

Molcular model of insulin molecule, ribbon.

Chromatin in cell nucleus, illustration. Chromatin is the condensed form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins found in the cell nucleus.

T-cell receptor-MHC-antigen complexes

Human serum albumin protein, illustration

Activation of T-cell immune response, illustration

Histidine phosphocarrier protein, mol. model

Setmelanotide anti-obesity drug, molecular mode

DNA nucleosome, molecular model. This is the fundamental repeating unit used to package DNA deoxyribonucleic acid inside cell nuclei. DNA´s double hel...

Growth hormone receptor, molecular model

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition, illustration

Growth hormone receptor, molecular model

Activated Ras protein, illustration

Growth hormone receptor/laron syndrome model

Troponin cardiac protein molecule, illustration

Rhodopsin molecule, illustration

Capsaicin receptor TRPV1 binding to ligands, illustration

molecular model of insulin molecule

Molecular model,trimeric G-protein/transduci

Molecular model of light-harvesting complex of

Histidine carrier protein, molecular model

Molecular model of insulin molecule

bacteria virus set hand drawn vector. disease microbiology, bacterium research, madicine laboratory bacteria virus sketch. isolated black illustration. bacteria virus set sketch hand drawn vector

Molecular model of SH3 domain, CPK model.

Molecular model of insulin molecule

Amyloid beta peptide, illustration

Conceptual image of alveoli.

G protein/Ras-RasGAP complex, mol. model

Protein G Type 7, molecular model

T-cell receptor-MHC-antigen complex

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, mol. model

Four-helix bundles, myohaemerythrin

Trimeric G protein, complex with RGS4, model

Histidine carrier protein, molecular model

Growth hormone receptor, molecular model

Krebs cycle enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme succinyl coenzyme A synthetase. This enzyme catalyses a step in the Krebs or citric acid cycle, the ...

DAMP complex of serum amyloid P-component

Protein tyrosine phosphatase,molecular model

Formation of proteins, illustration

Stereoview model of Protein G Type 7

Human insulin-like growth factor II,mol.mode

Map of Italy, Liguria highlighted. Political map of Italy with the several regions where Liguria is highlighted.

Protein G Type 7, molecular model

Mol.model of growth hormone receptor

IGF binding protein - molecular model

Lipogenesis, illustration

Active nucleoprotein filament, illustration

PstI enzyme restriction site, illustration

EcoRI enzyme restriction site, illustration

Condensation of DNA, illustration