Molecular Biology Models

Colorful molecular models depicting proteins and enzymes, illustrating complex biological structures and their arrangements.

Myosin molecular motor protein, molecular model. Motor proteins convert chemical energy into mechanical movements in response to specific chemical sti...

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Rous sarcoma virus capsid protein. Molecular model of the N_terminal domain of the Rous sarcoma virus capsid protein.

Programmed cell death protein 6, molecular model. This is a calcium-binding protein is involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death).

VMA-1 derived endonuclease. Molecular model of the VMA-1 derived endonuclease restriction enzyme. Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction endon...

Integrin and fibrinogen complex. Molecular model of integrin alpha-II beta-3 complexed with fibrinogen. Integrin alpha-II beta-3 is a transmembrane pr...

Nickel-containing superoxide dismutase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme scavenges and decomposes the potentially toxic first reduction product, su...

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, molecular model. This is one of several proteins produced by pathogenic E. coli bacteria in the intestines. ...

Bioluminescent enzyme. Molecular model of the bioluminescent enzyme luciferase from the marine bacteria Vibrio harveyi.

Myosin molecular motor protein, molecular model. Motor proteins convert chemical energy into mechanical movements in response to specific chemical sti...

Transport inhibitor response 1 protein. Molecular model of the transport inhibitor response 1 protein bound to the plant hormone auxin. This protein i...

Flu virus surface protein molecule. Molecular model of the neuraminidase glycoprotein enzyme found on the surface of the influenza A (flu) virus. The ...

Haemoglobin, molecular model. This is deoxyhaemoglobin, the molecule in its non-oxygen bound state. Haemoglobin transports oxygen around the body in r...

Adenovirus protein and tumour suppressor. Molecular model of the E1A protein from human adenovirus bound to a retinoblastoma tumour suppressor. Tumour...

Iron-regulatory protein. Molecular model of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1). Depending on the conformation of IRP1, it can acts as either a regulator...

Haemoglobin S. Molecular model of the mutant form of haemoglobin (haemoglobin S) that causes sickle cell anaemia. This is deoxyhaemoglobin S, the mole...

Xylose isomerase complex. Molecular model of the enzyme D-xylose isomerase bound to the sugar alcohol sorbitol. D-xylose isomerase is involved in fruc...

Cholesterol producing enzyme and statin. Computer model showing the molecular structure of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in complex with Atorvastatin. HMG...

Chitinase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the break down of glycosidic bonds in chitin, the main component of fungal cell walls and the exoske...

Alpha-galactosidase enzyme molecule, illustration

Artwork of the human erythropoietin (EPO) hormone molecule (yellow) bound to receptors (pink). Erythropoietin regulates blood oxygen levels in the bod...

Taq polymerase PCR enzyme molecule, illustration

T cell receptor B7. Molecular model of the T cell receptor B7 bound to the viral Tax peptide and MHC class I molecule HLA-A2. T cell receptors are pro...

Self-splicing RNA intron, molecular model. Splicing is the process where a non-coding fragment (intron) of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA, deoxyribonuc...

Thrombin enzyme molecule, illustration

Elongation factors Tu and Ts, molecular model. These enzymes are involved in the elongation of polypeptide chains during translation, the production o...

Cytochrome P450. Molecular model of cytochrome P450 complexed with its catalytic product hydroxycamphor. This protein plays a crucial role in metaboli...

Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein. Molecular model of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein GRP94. This protein is essential for the matur...

Carbonic anhydrase II, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.

Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase protein molecule. Molecular model showing bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with aspartyl tRNA (transfer ribonuc...

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), molecular model. This enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for use in the citric acid (or Krebs) cycle.

DNA transcription. Molecular model of the enzyme RNA polymerase II synthesising a mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) strand from a DNA (deoxyribonuclei...

Squalene-hopene cyclase, molecular model. This bacterial enzyme catalyses the cyclization of squalene to hopene.

Valyl-tRNA synthetase protein molecule. Molecular model showing bacterial valyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with valyl tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid)....

Plant hormone regulator. Molecular model of IAA-amidohydrolase from thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana). This enzyme acts to release the plant hormone ...

P32 mitochondrial matrix protein, molecular model. Also known as SF2-associated p32 (SF2P32), this protein is found in the matrix of cellular mitochon...

Integrin. Molecular model of the integrin protein alpha-v beta-3. This is a transmembrane protein that is found on platelets. It is composed of two su...

Acetylcholine receptor. Molecular model showing the structure of a nicotinic acetlycholine receptor. This receptor, for the neurotransmitter acetylcho...

Ebola virus glycoprotein and antibody. Molecular model of a surface glycoprotein from the Ebola virus (EBOV) bound to an antibody. Ebola causes a seve...

Isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase. Molecular model of isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase phosphatase (AceK) complexed with its substrate isocitrate dehydro...

Cytochrome C, molecular model. Cytochrome molecules perform oxidation and reduction reactions for electron transport, a chain of reactions used to pow...

Ribonuclease A (RNAse A), molecular model. Ribonuclease (RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyses the degradation of RNA (ribonucleic acid) into sm...

polymerase IV with DNA. Molecular model of DNA polymerase IV (beige) complexed with a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue). DNA polym...

Insulin, molecular model. Insulin plays an important role in blood sugar regulation. It is released from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are high...

Reverse transcriptase and inhibitor. Molecular model of HIV reverse transcriptase complexed with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug...

Oestrogen receptor and oestradiol. Molecular model of a n oestrogen receptor bound to the female sex hormone oestradiol. Oestradiol is one of three na...

Pepsin stomach enzyme, molecular model. Pepsin is a protease enzyme that is secreted as part of gastric juice into the stomach in an inactive form kno...

Computer generated three-dimensional molecular model of hemoglobin

Proteinase inhibitor. Molecular model of a proteinase inhibitor, or antitrypsin, molecule bound to a tryspin protease. The proteinase inhibitor is a t...

GST enzyme. Molecular model of a glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme from the malaria-carrying mosquito Anopheles gambiae. GSTs detoxify foreign su...

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein (green and grey) uses a guide RNA (red) sequence to cut DNA (b...

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein uses a guide RNA sequence to cut DNA at a complementary site. ...

HIV DNA and transcription factor. Molecular model of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) complexed with the t...

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) ion channel, molecular model. Ion channels are membrane-spanning proteins that form pores in cell membranes and act as pa...

Malignant brain-tumour-like protein. Molecular model of the human lethal(3) malignant brain-tumour-like protein (Malignant brain-tumour-like protein (...

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1, illustration

Iron-regulatory protein bound to RNA, molecular model. Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1, purple) bound to a short strand of RNA (ribonucleic acid, red)...

Thrombin protein, molecular model. Thrombin is an enzyme involved in the blood coagulation (clotting) process. It converts fibrinogen (a soluble plasm...

Acyl carrier protein (ACP), molecular model. This enzyme is involved in fatty acid synthesis.

MscS ion channel protein structure. Molecular model of a mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) from an Escherichia coli bacterium. MscS...

Bovine rotavirus capsid protein, molecular model.

Diphtheria toxin, molecular model. Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Symptoms include sore throat, fever and breathin...

Proteasome. Molecular model of the 20S proteasome from the archaea Thermoplasma acidophilum. A proteasome is a type of protease protein_digesting enzy...

Rhodopsin molecule. Molecular model of the rhodopsin complex. Rhodopsin (also called visual purple) is a pigment found in the rod photoreceptor cells ...

Computer generated three-dimensional model of Glycosylated (or glycated) hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, Hb1c, or HbA1c)

Japanese encephalitis virus protein. Molecular model of domain III, the main antigenic domain, of the Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein.

Outer membrane phospholipase A. Molecular model of the integral membrane protein, outer membrane phospholipase A from the Escherichia coli bacterium. ...

Phosphoglucose isomerase molecule. Molecular model of a rabbit phosphoglucose isomerase molecule complexed with a fructose-6-phosphate molecule. This ...

Ebola matrix protein. Molecular model of the Ebola virus matrix protein VP40 bound to RNA (ribonucleic acid). This membrane-associated protein is thou...

HIV reverse transcription enzyme. Molecular model of the reverse transcriptase enzyme found in HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus) bound to the inh...

Human programmed cell death protein 4, molecular model. This protein is involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Para-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, molecular model. This flavoprotein enzyme is involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds.

DNA repair enzyme. Molecular model of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) repair enzyme dioxygenase bound to a molecule of DNA (red and blue).

Beta secretase enzyme. Molecular model of the enzyme beta secretase bound to a GGA protein. Beta secretase is a membrane-associated aspartic protease,...

Rous sarcoma virus capsid protein, molecular model.

Flu virus surface protein molecule. Molecular model of the neuraminidase glycoprotein enzyme found on the surface of the influenza A (flu) virus. The ...

E. coli virulence factor molecule. Molecular model of the enzyme arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) from an Escherichia coli bacterium.

Erythropoietin hormone molecule, illustration

Immune checkpoint protein molecule, illustration

Cytochrome C, molecular model. Cytochrome molecules perform oxidation and reduction reactions for electron transport, a chain of reactions used to pow...

Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate in the final steps of glycolysis, and lactate to pyruvate duri...

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, mol. model

Molecular model of the bacterial glycine riboswitch. This is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist...

TNF alpha molecule, illustration

Human growth hormone molecule, illustration

Rabbit eye lens protein. Molecular model of lambda-crystallin, a structural protein found in the eye lenses of rabbits (family Leporidae).

Interferon alpha 2a molecule, illustration

Chorionic gonadotropin molecule, illustration

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein uses a guide RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequence to cut DNA (deoxy...

RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), molecular model. This complex consists of a bacterial argonaute protein bound to a small interfering RNA (siRNA)...

Molecular model of G-protein/phosducin

Archaeon ribosome. Molecular model showing the structure of a 50S (large) ribosome from the archaeon Haloarcula marismortui. Ribosomes are composed of...

Insulin molecule, illustration

Physalis mottle virus capsid protein, molecular model.

Cyclin-dependent kinases - CDK6.

Molecular model of a ubiquitin-activating enzyme, also known as E1 enzymes. These catalyze the first step in the ubiquitination reaction, which target...

CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing complex from Streptococcus pyogenes. The Cas9 nuclease protein uses a guide RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequence to cut DNA (deoxy...

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by Clostridium botulinum and cause the neuroparalytic syndrome of botulism. With a lethal dose of 1 ng kg (-1), they pose a biological hazard to humans and a serious potential bioweapon threat

TATA box-binding protein complex. Molecular model showing a yeast TATA box-binding protein (TBP) complexed with a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid...

Rhomboid protease. Molecular model of the rhomboid protease enzyme GlpG from the bacterium Escherichia coli. Proteases are enzymes that break down pro...

Type I topoisomerase bound to DNA. Molecular model showing a type I topoisomerase molecule (blue) bound to a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, yel...

Flu virus surface protein and antibody. Molecular model of the neuraminidase glycoprotein enzyme found on the surface of the influenza (flu) virus, in...

Argonaute protein, molecular model. This protein forms the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) along with a small interfering RNA (ribonucleic acid) ...

Beta-lactoglobulin protein molecule, illustration

Erythropoietin hormone molecule, illustration

HP1 molecule C-terminal domain. Molecular model showing the structure of the C terminal (shadow chromo) domain of a heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) mo...

Immunoglobulin G antibody molecule. Computer model of the secondary structure of immunoglobulin G (IgG). This is the most abundant immunoglobulin and ...

Representation of the secondary structure of a protein.

Shrew eye lens protein. Molecular model of eta-crystallin, a structural protein only found in the eye lenses of elephant shrews (family Macroscelidida...

DNA polymerase with DNA. Molecular model of human DNA polymerase beta (beige) complexed with a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue). ...

Retroviral intasome molecule. Molecular model of an intasome from a retrovirus complexed with host cell DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Intasomes are nuc...

Rhodopsin molecule, illustration

Antibody molecule. Crystal structure of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG2a). IgG antibodies are composed of 2 long heavy chains and 2 shorter light ch...

A tetramer of the influenza neuraminidase protein (shown in blue and light blue) bound by variable domains of two new human antibodies (shown purple/pink and brown/beige) targeting its dark side Viewed along with 4-fold axis of NA tetramer with its catalytic sites facing up. 2024 : New Antibodies Target Dark Side of Influenza Virus Protein .

Interferon alpha 2a molecule, illustration

DNA tetranucleosome. Molecular model of four nucleosomes, or a tetranucleosome. Nucleosomes are the fundamental repeating unit used to package DNA (de...

Illustration showing the structure of an antibody, or immunoglobulin, molecule. These Y-shaped molecules have two arms that can bind to specific antig...

C-reactive protein, molecular model. The protein is made up of five sub-units (monomers) arranged in a ring. The secondary structure of the protein is...

Circadian clock molecule, molecular model

Tumour suppressor p53 degraded by proteasome, illustration

DNA polymerase with DNA. Molecular model of DNA polymerase (purple) complexed with a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, pink and blue). DNA polym...

Aminolevulinic acid

Eye lens protein. Molecular model of alpha-crystallin, a protein found in the lens of the eye. The regular arrangement of the protein in the lens is t...

Type IV collagen, molecular model. Collagen is a long structural protein, formed from amino acids that make up polypeptide strands that twist around e...

Naloxone blocking fentanyl from mu-opioid receptor, illustration

70S ribosome, molecular model. Ribosomes are composed of protein and RNA (ribonucleic acid). In bacteria each ribosome consists of a small (30S) subun...

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, mol. model

Histamine binding to receptor, illustration

Transfer RNA (tRNA), molecular model. tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid) translates messenger RNA (mRNA) into a protein product. Each tRNA molecule carr...

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, mol. model

Histidine phosphocarrier protein, mol. model

Tyrosine phosphatase mutations, mol. model

Tyrosine protein-kinase Src,a proto-oncogene

Molecular model,G-protein complexes

Growth hormone receptor, molecular model

Growth hormone receptor, molecular model

Insulin A chain. Computer model of an A chain of human insulin that has been synthesized on a crosslinked polystyrene solid support. This is an exampl...

Long term potentiation, illustration

MHC molecule,T-cell receptor,HIV rev.transcr

Bacteriorhodopsin, molecular model

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, catalyt.domain

Molecular model of alpha-haemolysin, + scale

Trim. G protein/adenylate cyclase, mol.model

Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase

AIDS, reverse transcriptase/Nev complex

Sickle cell disease - mol. model haemoglobin

Immunoglob.Fc (IGGI) complexed w. protein G

Mol.model of growth hormone receptor

AIDS reverse transcriptase, mol. model

Plastic degrading enzymes, illustration

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, inhibition

Immunoglobulin Fc & fragment B of protein A

AIDS reverse transcriptase, mol. model

AIDS reverse transcriptase, mol. model

Protein tyrosine phosphatase,molecular model

Molecular model of rhodopsin, ribbon diagram

Immunoglob.Fc (IGGI) complexed w. protein G

Histidine phosphocarrier protein, mol. model

Cyclin-dependent kinases.

Molecular model of cytochrome oxidase, ribbon

Philadelphia chromosome. Computer illustration of a male or female karyotype (chromosome set) with one defective chromosome each from pairs 9 (centre)...

Oxidation-reduction reaction, illustration

Molecular model of rhodopsin, cylinders/CDK

HindIII enzyme restriction site, illustration

T-cell receptor/collagen peptide/enterotoxin

Scientist in blue attire analyzing data on computer. DNA helix at center, text on left. Ideal for science, research, technology, medicine, laboratory, genetics, educational content. Landing page. Scientist Working on Computer with DNA Helix and Text