Vasudhara Mandala dated to 1777 (Samvat 897) Nepal Standing at the center of this mandala is the golden image of Vasudhara (stream of gems”), a Buddhist goddess of wealth and abundance who also embodies the pursuit of learning and the totality of Mahayana ideology as symbolized by the Perfection of Wisdom sutra that she holds in her upraised left hand. To Vasudhara’s left is a green image of the Bodhisattva Vajrapani while a red image of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara stands to her right. Members of Vajrapani’s army of yakshas, male nature deities associated with material wealth and protection, are placed throughout the mandala pouring gems out of sacks and opening treasure chests; this iconography further emphasizes Vasudhara’s role as bringer of prosperity. Immediately below Vasudhara is her main attendant, Ila Devi who mediates between the god and devotees. Protecting the portals of the central mandala are four yakshas sitting within yellow mandorlas that can be identified as Mani