Soviet Scientists -- Pyotr Kapitsa, The Physicist, is the director of the Institute of Physical Problems of the Academy of Sciences. From 1921 until 1935 he worked in Lord Rutherford's laboratory in Cambridge. His researches were made in the field of magnetic properties of metals, in which he discovered new laws and phenomena. He constructed a new refrigerating machine which facilitates the production of low temperatures approaching zero.The Stalin First prize has been adjudged to him in 1941 for his work on low temperatures and its application in the liquefying of air; and for the discovery and investigation of the hyperfluidity of liquid helium. January 01, 1948. (Photo by Pictorial Press).