Shield, late 19th century, 44 3/16 × 28 × 6 5/8 in. (112.24 × 71.12 × 16.83 cm), Antelope hide, wood, cloth, metal, pigments, Algeria, 19th century, African shields, while primarily functional objects used in warfare, also played a role as dance regalia during funerals and served as status objects and symbols of identification. Because they were often made for ostentatious display, their appearancesize, decoration, and materialswas of vital importance. As such, shields can be appreciated as sculptural expressions of creativity and craftsmanship, blurring the line between utilitarian skill and fine art. Displaying these four shields from different parts of Africa in the round allows one to see details inside.