Sherd ca. 3100-2500 B.C. Iran This sherd is made of grey clay which has been painted red on the outside and black on the inside, and the exterior surface has been polished. It is typical of Namazga IV ceramics from Turkmenistan and Hissar II ceramics from Iran, and likely date to ca. 3100-2500 B.C. It was excavated in 1937 at a prehistoric site in the vicinity of Nishapur in northeastern Iran. While Nishapur itself was founded by the Sasanian king Shapur I (reigned ca. A.D. 241-272), this sherd shows that human habitation there goes back to the prehistoric period. Furthermore, the prehistoric pottery from Nishapur has close affinities with ceramic materials from Central Asia rather than with contemporary sites in Iran, meaning that in this period its inhabitants were likely culturally linked to their neighbors to the east. At the same time, Nishapurs location on what later became known as the Great Khorasan Road suggests that it was part of the trade network that facilitated the impor