Sampler, early 19th century, Abigail Lyon, American, 17 3/4 x 14 in. (45.09 x 35.56 cm), Silk thread on linen plain weave; needlework, United States, 19th century, Sampler motifs typically involved written and numeric content. This was meant to aid the future homemaker who would mark linens clearly with stitched labels in order to track household possessions. But embroidering letters and numbers - even counting threads in the ground fabric before each stitch, a requisite process for the cross-stitch embroidery used throughout this example - also supported developments in literacy, penmanship, and math. Since female pupils were often taught to read but not always to write, sampler making often doubled as a girls first lesson in writing.