The Ruins at Pergamon or Pergamum. An ancient Greek city in modern-day Turkey, in Mysia, north western Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea, located on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern day Bak�, that became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 281133 BC. Today, the main sites of ancient Pergamon are to the north and west of the modern city of Bergama.In the first century AD, Pergamon was the locati