Miniature from a Manuscript of the Apocalypse: The Woman upon the Scarlet Beast, c. 1295. France, Lorraine, 13th century. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; sheet: 10.2 x 14.7 cm (4 x 5 13/16 in.); framed: 52.4 x 39.7 cm (20 5/8 x 15 5/8 in.); matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.). The visionary text of Saint John the Evangelist's Apocalypse, the final book of the New Testament, inspired these images of salvation, sin, and divine retribution. A large number of illustrated volumes of the Apocalypse appeared in Northern Europe, especially in England, after the year 1240-perhaps reflecting a fear of the world's end. These miniatures come from a manuscript produced in Lorraine, then artistically influenced by English models.