Melancholic, 1590s, Peter de Jode; Artist: After Maarten de Vos, Flemish, 1570-1634, 7 5/8 × 8 5/8 in. (19.37 × 21.91 cm) (sheet), Engraving, Belgium, 16th century, A miser and a woman seemingly depressed over failed alchemical experiments embody melancholy, the personality trait of sadness, the darkness brought on by an excess of black bile. Just as the woman could not achieve happiness by trying to change lead into gold, the treasures of the earthjewels and goldwill not lift her spirits.