Medieval archers with crossbow and long bow from the early 16th century. Behind them, their seated officer loads an arrow into a crossbow. From an oil painting on an altar piece door at St. Elisabeth's church, Marburg. Chromolithograph from Hefner-Alteneck's "Costumes, Artworks and Appliances from the Middle Ages to the 17th Century," Frankfurt, 1889. Illustration by Dr. Jakob Heinrich von Hefner-Alteneck, lithographed by C. Regnier. Dr. Hefner-Alteneck (1811 - 1903) was a German museum curator, archaeologist, art historian, illustrator and etcher.