King Kumarapala Pays Reverence to Hemachandra, folio 2 recto from a Great Poem about Twos (Dvyashraya Mahakavya) of Hemachandra, with commentary by Abhayatilaka, after 1255. Western India, Gujarat. Gum tempera and ink on palm leaf; overall: 5.7 x 45.7 cm (2 1/4 x 18 in.). The author of the text, Hemachandra (1088-1173) is seated at the left, on a throne. He was a Jain monk, here shown clad in a white robe, with shaven head, holding a cloth before his mouth to screen out any insects he might inadvertently swallow. Also an attribute of Jain ascetics, who adhere to principles of committing no harm to any living being, is the broom behind his back, used to sweep insects from the path. He wrote this text in 1160, illustrating points of grammar with praiseworthy deeds of his royal patrons, such as King Kumarapala (reigned 1143-1172) of the Solanki Dynasty (940-1244) of western India who sits before him.