Iran / Persia: 'Khusraw at Shirin's Palace'. Ink and paint on paper folio, c. 1478-1490. Khosrow II (c. 570 - 28 Febraury 628), also known as Khosrow Parviz, was a Shahanshah (King of Kings) of the Sasanian Empire (r. 590-628), considered by many as the last great shah of Persia. He briefly lost his throne, but regained it with the help of the Byzantine Empire, who he would later go to constant war with. He conquered much of the Byzantine Empire's territories, but he was eventually executed by his own son, leading to a civil war and the eventual Muslim conquest of Persia five years later.