Box and assorted implements for the incense game, 17th-18th century, Unknown Japanese, 6 × 11 7/8 × 8 in. (15.24 × 30.16 × 20.32 cm), Wood, lacquer, gold; metal utensils, Japan, 17th-18th century, Incense played a prominent role in aristocratic culture of ancient Japan. Aristocrats were expected to know how to mix aromatic imported woods with other plant products and compound them into burnable, fragrant incense. Popular ingredients included aloe, sandalwood, frankincense, pine, lily, cinnamon, and patchouli, among others. In the 1400s, this artful appreciation of incense developed further into the so-called Way of Fragrance, or kōdō, along with the Way of Tea (sadō or chadō) and the Way of Flowers (kadō, better known in the West as ikebana). In incense-based games, played with the set displayed here, participants take turns smelling, appreciating, and guessing the ingredients of a certain type of incense. In one variation of the game called 'Genji Incense' or Genjikō, types of incense