Blood Collage, c. 1850-60, John Bingley Garland, British, 1791-1875, 20 5/8 × 15 1/8 in. (52.4 × 38.4 cm) (sheet)29 1/2 × 24 5/16 × 1 3/4 in. (74.9 × 61.8 × 4.4 cm) (outer frame), Collage of engraving and gold paper, with gouache, red india ink, gold paint, and inscriptions in pen and ink, on buff backing paper, England, 19th century, John Bingley Garland was a prosperous English merchant, politician, public servant, and collage artist. He lived in Newfoundland for four years, in two different stints, where he managed his familys fish trading business, and served, notably, as the first Speaker of Newfoundlands House of Parliament. In 1834 he returned to England, where he ran his familys firm until his death at age 83. Forty-five accomplished, fantastical 'Blood Collages' by Garland survive, all likely executed in the 1850s—62 years before the medium of collage was officially 'invented' by Picasso or Braque. Garlands practice grew out of the Victorian craze for scrapbooking and deco