Pope Alexander III presenting the Doge of Venice with a sword to fight Frederick Barbarossa, 14th century. The Pope wears a papal tiara, scarlet chasuble, white pallium, and white gloves. The Doge wears a ducal bonnet, tunic in Siena brown with coats of arms of Saint Mark (gold lion on red field) over a suit of plate armour and chainmail. From a fresco by Spinello Aretino in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena. Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from "Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries," Levy Fils, Paris, 1860.