Perpetual motion: A garden fountain worked by water from upper cistern which is filled with water from an Archimedian screw. The screw is driven by a perpetual motion device using a wheel and lead balls. The balls are supposed to force the wheel round as they fall from the inside of the wheel to its

Perpetual motion machine described by the Jesuit Stanislaus Solski c1610. Water was pumped from reservoir alternately up the vertical pipes to the upper reservoirs A,B. The small reservoirs C,D were filled from them. E,F are pumps operated by the oscillation of the small reservoirs C,D. Engraving fr

Perpetual motion machine described in about 1664 by Ulrich von Cranach of Hamburg. Iron balls drive the water wheel that operates the Archimedean screw that raises the balls up again. Cranach claimed it would operate pumps for mines, and insisted that it stood in water. This would have increased ene

Perpetual motion: Grindstone driven, via work and spur, by an overshot water wheel. An Archimedean screw raises the used water to the reservoir, and the whole is supposed to work by perpetual motion. Engraving from Theatrum Machinarum Novum by George Andreas Bockler (Nuremberg, 1673).