One of the last climbing chimney sweeps carrying a mattock for scraping the inside of chimneys, a brush to sweep the loose soot, and sacks for bagging up soot., Engraving from London Labour and the London Poor by Henry Mayhew (London, 1861)

The Rubbish Carter. Rubbish collected in the city would be put into carts and taken to dust yards to be sorted by women and children who would extract anything that could be sold for recycling. Engraving from London Labour and the London Poor by Henry Mayhew (London, 1861).

The London Scavenger. This man would sweep and clean streets, market places and pavements, picking up anything useful or valuable. Engraving from London Labour and the London Poor by Henry Mayhew (London, 1861).

The Able-Bodied Pauper Street-Sweeper. Pauper's were employed as street sweepers in London in return for support by the Parish. Engraving from London Labour and the London Poor by Henry Mayhew (London, 1861).

The Rat-Catchers of the Sewers. Rat catchers were vital to keeping down the rat population in the London sewers. The rat catcher is using a candle with a simple wind shield to give him enough light to carry out his work. Engraving from London Labour and the London Poor by Henry Mayhew (London, 1861)

The Sewer Hunter. This man eked out a living by hunting in the sewers for anything he could sell, such as a lost ring. To give him light to do his work he is using a candle with a simple wind shield. Engraving from London Labour and the London Poor by Henry Mayhew (London, 1861).

Slave labour on a sugar plantation in the West Indies. Cane taken to vertical crushing mill powered by oxen. Juice extracted flows to boiling house where liquid boiled and refined. From Pierre Pomet A Compleat History of Drugs, 1725, Engraving

Slave labour loading sacks of cotton on cart to be taken for dressing and ginning. Southern states of USA. 1860 Wood engraving