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View of the now-defunct centrifuge at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), now the Johnson Space Center (JSC) formerly located...
View of the now-defunct centrifuge at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), now the Johnson Space Center (JSC) formerly located in the Flight Acceleration Facility, bldg 29. The 50-ft. arm can swing the three man gondola to create g-forces astronauts will experience during controlled flight and during reentry. The centrifuge was designed primarily for training Apollo astronauts.





State-of-the-art high speed motion picture processors, black-and-white film processing machines, and an ultrasonic film clean...
State-of-the-art high speed motion picture processors, black-and-white film processing machines, and an ultrasonic film cleaning machine.





A view taken inside the staff support room (SSR), a support room for the MOCR (Mission Operations Control Room) used for sche...
A view taken inside the staff support room (SSR), a support room for the MOCR (Mission Operations Control Room) used for scheduling, monitoring and directing network activities and readiness checks. Responsibilities also include verifying remote site prepass equipment and directing network handover operations.





The operator's stand and controls for the flight acceleration facility, where the centrifuge was housed. The centrifuge was u...
The operator's stand and controls for the flight acceleration facility, where the centrifuge was housed. The centrifuge was used to train astronauts for strong acceleration.





Jay Apt and Roger Ressmeyer,Roger Ressmeyer (right) instructs astronaut Jay Apt in the art of photography in the space shuttl...
Jay Apt and Roger Ressmeyer,Roger Ressmeyer (right) instructs astronaut Jay Apt in the art of photography in the space shuttle flight simulator at Johnson Space Flight Center.





The charred ablative heat shield boilerplate of the Apollo Saturn AS-201 command module recovered by the USS Boxer caused by ...
The charred ablative heat shield boilerplate of the Apollo Saturn AS-201 command module recovered by the USS Boxer caused by reentry into the earth's atmosphere. This was the first launch of Saturn IB vehicle; with suborbital test on February 26, 1966.





One of the many support rooms that feed the Mission Control Center. This control room monitored and evaluated all aspects of ...
One of the many support rooms that feed the Mission Control Center. This control room monitored and evaluated all aspects of powered flight concerting spacecraft crew safety and orbital insertion, as well as evaluated and recommended modification of trajectories to meet mission objectives.





This simulator employees a crew station which duplicates the interior of the Gemini spacecraft.





The vacuum laboratory contains an ultraclean vacuum system designed to minimize terrestrial contamination of sample materials...
The vacuum laboratory contains an ultraclean vacuum system designed to minimize terrestrial contamination of sample materials. Vacuum carrousel F-207, shown here, was used for storage for repacked lunar samples. It had a dual level lazy susan type of storage trays, and was equipped with extensor monorail systems allowing immediate recall of any item in the carrousel.





Vacuum chamber B inside the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. A scale ...
Vacuum chamber B inside the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. A scale model of the Apollo capsule awaits testing.





Simulation, Checkout and Training System (SCATS) provides realistic simulation of manned space flight missions for flight cre...
Simulation, Checkout and Training System (SCATS) provides realistic simulation of manned space flight missions for flight crew and flight control personnel.





President John F. Kennedy speaks to a gathering of media and employees at Site 3 during a 1962 visit. Others seen are Vice-Pr...
President John F. Kennedy speaks to a gathering of media and employees at Site 3 during a 1962 visit. Others seen are Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson; Dr. Robert R. Gilruth; and James E. Webb, NASA Administrator. In his speech, President Kennedy outlines the reasons for increased funding for the space program and his commitment to putting a man on the moon.





An aerial view of the anechoic chamber test facility. The anechoic chamber was a large chamber, relatively free from radio fr...
An aerial view of the anechoic chamber test facility. The anechoic chamber was a large chamber, relatively free from radio frequency echoes and reverberations, and shielded from external radiations. The chamber was a tapered horn structure 150 feet long with internal dimensions of 52 feet by 52 feet.





The Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV) was developed for NASA by Bell Aerosystems, Inc. The LLTV was used by NASA Apollo P...
The Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV) was developed for NASA by Bell Aerosystems, Inc. The LLTV was used by NASA Apollo Program astronauts to develop piloting skills. The LLTV provided Apollo program commanders the opportunity to experience the flight characteristics associated with the 1/6th gravity conditions on the moon. The first LLTV vehicle was assembled at Ellington Air force Base in Houston, Texas in 1967. This is most likely the first LLTV.





Saturn V rocket engine, John F Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, near Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, Florida, USA





The large vacuum chamber in the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory (SESL), Chamber A, is a large stainless steel vessel,...
The large vacuum chamber in the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory (SESL), Chamber A, is a large stainless steel vessel, 65' in diameter by 120' high. The door is 55' in diameter. Inside clear dimensions are 55' diameter by a height of 90'. The chamber is used to simulate a lunar environment. Temperate can be controlled to simulate lunar surface temperatures from -315 to +260 degrees Fahrenheit. A scale model of the Apollo capsule awaits testing.





A major objective of Project Gemini was to demonstrate the solution of the rendezvous and docking problems as associated with...
A major objective of Project Gemini was to demonstrate the solution of the rendezvous and docking problems as associated with Earth orbiting vehicles. This simulator is a moving base simulator and is applicable to that port of the mission from a range of 100 feet separation of the two vehicles to physical contact, docking, rigidizing, unlatching and maneuvering away.





Sandy McGee at the Laboratory Universal Control computerized lab controls using IBM equipment





Interior of a Space Shuttle Simulator,An astronaut stands in a space shuttle 1-G simulator, at the Johnson Space Center in Ho...
Interior of a Space Shuttle Simulator,An astronaut stands in a space shuttle 1-G simulator, at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.





A very early scale model of the Apollo command and service module in the MockUp and Integration Laboratory.





A scientist in a NASA laboratory, circa 1965, uses gloves to work in enclosed box laboratory.





State of the art voice and recording studios for film work, scoring, dubbing and interlock playback, circa 1964.





An aerial view of the now defunct Flight Acceleration Facility, which housed the centrifuge.





Magazine Editor at Space Shuttle Launch,Scott DeGarmo, editor of Science Digest and Success magazines, attends the night laun...
Magazine Editor at Space Shuttle Launch,Scott DeGarmo, editor of Science Digest and Success magazines, attends the night launch of a space shuttle at Cape Canaveral, Florida.





Jay Apt and Roger Ressmeyer,Roger Ressmeyer (right) instructs astronaut Jay Apt in the art of photography in the space shuttl...
Jay Apt and Roger Ressmeyer,Roger Ressmeyer (right) instructs astronaut Jay Apt in the art of photography in the space shuttle flight simulator at Johnson Space Flight Center.





Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, outside Moscow. The monitors show live video from the Soyuz TMA-11 spacecraft of t...
Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, outside Moscow. The monitors show live video from the Soyuz TMA-11 spacecraft of the International Space Station. Oct. 12, 2007.





Interior of a Space Station Mock-Up. A man checks a computer screen inside a NASA space station mock-up.





This laboratory evaluated the design criteria for crew safety and comfort. Performance of space suits, regulators, tubing, ma...
This laboratory evaluated the design criteria for crew safety and comfort. Performance of space suits, regulators, tubing, masks and associated equipment for dispensing respiratory gasses and for ventilation were studied by analyzing respiratory gases. A treadmill is available for determining physiological factors during exercise while wearing space suits in a variety of modes.





A state-of-the-art Univac 110811, circa 1967, which was one of four such machines installed in the Computation and Analysis D...
A state-of-the-art Univac 110811, circa 1967, which was one of four such machines installed in the Computation and Analysis Division facility in the Manned Space Flight center's Building 12. The computers were used to support the scientific and management environments of the Manned Spacecraft Center.





The solar optical telescope, housed at NASA/JSC Building 270, is a 6' refractor type with an effective aperture of 5'. It is ...
The solar optical telescope, housed at NASA/JSC Building 270, is a 6' refractor type with an effective aperture of 5'. It is equipped with an hydrogen alpha filter,, a solar spectrograph, optical and TV cameras and associated equipment.





This simulator, five feet in diameter, had three degrees of rotational freedom, and simulated the motion of space vehicle att...
This simulator, five feet in diameter, had three degrees of rotational freedom, and simulated the motion of space vehicle attitude control systems. The simulator's control torque-to-inertia ratios, or angular accelerations, are adjustable.





This vacuum vessel is 15 feet in diameter, a stainless steel shell with a net usable inside diameter of 12.5 feet.





Ambulance and emergency utility vehicle truck, at the Manned Space Flight Center circa 1966.





Extravehicular space suite worn by a Gemini 4 astronaut is shown on a test subject. Gold coated umbilical connects the astron...
Extravehicular space suite worn by a Gemini 4 astronaut is shown on a test subject. Gold coated umbilical connects the astronaut to the Gemini spacecraft.





The charred ablative heat shield boilerplate of the Apollo Saturn AS-201 command module recovered by the USS Boxer. This was ...
The charred ablative heat shield boilerplate of the Apollo Saturn AS-201 command module recovered by the USS Boxer. This was the first launch of Saturn IB vehicle; with suborbital test on February 26, 1966.





A view taken inside the recovery control room formerly at MSC (Manned Spacecraft Center) during a training session. Screens s...
A view taken inside the recovery control room formerly at MSC (Manned Spacecraft Center) during a training session. Screens show the tracking stations and recovery operations for one of the Gemini missions.





The data acquisition equipment was able to monitor tests while in progress, as well as recording data for later analysis. In ...
The data acquisition equipment was able to monitor tests while in progress, as well as recording data for later analysis. In addition to spacecraft systems, the spacecraft's human occupants, ground support equipment, and laboratory systems were data sources. The system also commands lunar plane position and speed, thermal controls, and solar simulators.





A early prototype of the Lunar Module (LM) is photographed sitting on a simulated lunar surface at the NASA Manned Spacecraft...
A early prototype of the Lunar Module (LM) is photographed sitting on a simulated lunar surface at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center.





A view of the now-defunct centrifuge at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), now the Johnson Space Center (JSC) formerly locat...
A view of the now-defunct centrifuge at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), now the Johnson Space Center (JSC) formerly located in the Flight Acceleration Facility, bldg 29. The 50-foot arm can swing the three man gondola to create g-forces astronauts would experience during controlled flight and during reentry. The centrifuge was designed primarily for training Apollo astronauts.





The charred ablative heat shield boilerplate of the Apollo Saturn AS-201 command module recovered by the USS Boxer. This was ...
The charred ablative heat shield boilerplate of the Apollo Saturn AS-201 command module recovered by the USS Boxer. This was the first launch of Saturn IB vehicle; with suborbital test on February 26, 1966.





Texas, Houston, Manned Spacecraft Center. Lunar Rock Showing Clasts Embedded In Larger Rock. From Apollo 17 Flight.





A solar flare observatory site, the laboratory for maintenance and repair of solar filters, which served as a training site f...
A solar flare observatory site, the laboratory for maintenance and repair of solar filters, which served as a training site fort the optical phase of the Apollo space radiation warning system.





The front bell of the optical frequency tunnel in the antenna test range facility is used for testing spacecraft optical comm...
The front bell of the optical frequency tunnel in the antenna test range facility is used for testing spacecraft optical communication systems. The end covers of the tube can be removed to allow installation of large equipment. Note the optical viewing ports and personnel entry door.





Housed in Bldg. 351, this vacuum chamber has a nine foot diameter nozzle. Inside is a Pratt-Whitney Apollo Command Service Mo...
Housed in Bldg. 351, this vacuum chamber has a nine foot diameter nozzle. Inside is a Pratt-Whitney Apollo Command Service Module (CSM) fuel cell about to undergo testing.





ABC Science Editor Jules Bergman interviews Skylab crew members, l-r, Paul Weitz, Pilot, Joe Kerwin, Science Pilot, and Pete ...
ABC Science Editor Jules Bergman interviews Skylab crew members, l-r, Paul Weitz, Pilot, Joe Kerwin, Science Pilot, and Pete Conrad, Commander. The interview takes place in the empty Mission Control Center. Bergman was a broadcast writer and journalist, most remembered for his coverage of the American space program.





Three astronauts (later to be named the Apollo 9 prime crew) in Apollo spacecraft 101 Command module during Apollo crew compa...
Three astronauts (later to be named the Apollo 9 prime crew) in Apollo spacecraft 101 Command module during Apollo crew compartment fit and function test. Left to right are Astronauts James A. McDivitt, David R. Scott, and Russell L. Schweickart





An optical printer, circa 1964. Photo optical printers were used to create effects on film, from dissolves and zooms to aspec...
An optical printer, circa 1964. Photo optical printers were used to create effects on film, from dissolves and zooms to aspect ratio changes. This printer also has a color head (left) allowing for color correction.





Texas, Houston, Manned Spacecraft Center. Lunar Rock #60016 Of White Breccia, Taken From Apollo 16.





A test of an early Apollo spacesuit prototype taking place in one of the simulators. Test subject is receiving oxygen and coo...
A test of an early Apollo spacesuit prototype taking place in one of the simulators. Test subject is receiving oxygen and cooling via the hoses.





This processor distributes all signals, except for television, entering and leaving the mission control room.





This out-the-window scene simulator is controlled by digital and analog computers, and produces color TV displays which appea...
This out-the-window scene simulator is controlled by digital and analog computers, and produces color TV displays which appear as virtual images as seen by the astronaut at the spacecraft window.





The facility consists of an ARC heater, a power supply, a closed circuit cooling system, a gas supply system and a 50 channel...
The facility consists of an ARC heater, a power supply, a closed circuit cooling system, a gas supply system and a 50 channel magnetic tape digital acquisition system.





Prime crew for the first manned Apollo mission practice water egress procedures with full scale boilerplate model of their sp...
Prime crew for the first manned Apollo mission practice water egress procedures with full scale boilerplate model of their spacecraft. Astronaut Edward H. White II rides life raft in the foreground. Astronaut Roger B. Chaffee sits in hatch of the boilerplate model of the spacecraft. Astronaut Virgil I. Grissom, third member of the crew, waits inside the spacecraft.





Command Module and Rocket at Kennedy Space Center. A man stands next to a rocket taking a picture of children standing next t...
Command Module and Rocket at Kennedy Space Center. A man stands next to a rocket taking a picture of children standing next to a command module at the Kennedy Space Center Titusville, Florida.





A view of the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) at NASA/JSC, circa 1966, during a Gemini mission, possibly Gemini 3.





Mir Space Station Mission Control,Soviet manned space mission control in Kaliningrad. Workers communicate with the cosmonauts...
Mir Space Station Mission Control,Soviet manned space mission control in Kaliningrad. Workers communicate with the cosmonauts aboard the Mir space station. A large world map shows the craft's position above the earth.





Apollo 13 Flight Directors applaud the successful splashdown of the Command Module. In the background Robert Gilruth, Directo...
Apollo 13 Flight Directors applaud the successful splashdown of the Command Module. In the background Robert Gilruth, Director, Manned Spacecraft Center and Chris Kraft, Deputy Director, light up cigars. April 17, 1970.





The Apollo Mission Simulator was a fixed base training device capable of simulating the characteristics of space vehicle syst...
The Apollo Mission Simulator was a fixed base training device capable of simulating the characteristics of space vehicle systems, performance and flight dynamics.





An early prototype of the Lunar Module (LM) is photographed at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center photography laboratory facil...
An early prototype of the Lunar Module (LM) is photographed at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center photography laboratory facility. A snapshot of state of the art photographic equipment from 1964 is revealed in this tabletop photo shoot.





A Military Airlift Command C-130 aircraft prepares to load the flown AS201 command module for transport to the Manned Spacecr...
A Military Airlift Command C-130 aircraft prepares to load the flown AS201 command module for transport to the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas for further review and tests after its February 1966 suborbital test flight.





NBC News correspondent Garrick Utley details the new Apollo vehicle interior astronaut arrangement.





The massive HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) pipes at the Manned Spacecraft Center.





This artist's rendering represents a concept of possible activities during future space exploration missions





This is the main computing console for the Data Reduction Complex and is the heart of the NASA-MSC postflight data processing...
This is the main computing console for the Data Reduction Complex and is the heart of the NASA-MSC postflight data processing and reduction for America's manned space flight activities. Information telemetried back from orbiting spacecraft is processed here in order that scientists and engineers can perform a complete post-flight analysis of the mission.





The Simulation, Checkout and Training System (SCATS) provides realistic simulation of manned space flight missions for flight...
The Simulation, Checkout and Training System (SCATS) provides realistic simulation of manned space flight missions for flight crew and flight control personnel.





The charred ablative heat shield boilerplate of the Apollo Saturn AS-201 command module recovered by the USS Boxer. The capsu...
The charred ablative heat shield boilerplate of the Apollo Saturn AS-201 command module recovered by the USS Boxer. The capsule reentered the earth's atmosphere at 8300 miles per second and splashed down 37 minutes after launch from Pad 34, Cape Canaveral, Florida. This was the first launch of the Saturn IB vehicle and the first flight of the Command and Service Module (CSM-009), a suborbital test on February 26, 1966.





The Dormitory for quarantined Crew (LRL) was a facility at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (Building 37) that was const...
The Dormitory for quarantined Crew (LRL) was a facility at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (Building 37) that was constructed to quarantine astronauts and material brought back from the Moon during the Apollo program to mitigate the risk of back-contamination
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