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Illustration of the patellar reflex. On the left, an illustration of the nerve signal with, in blue, the journey of the affer...
Illustration of the patellar reflex. On the left, an illustration of the nerve signal with, in blue, the journey of the afferent impulse from the muscle spindle in the muscle near the bone marrow, counterbalanced by the efferent impulse response (red) which triggers muscle contraction, resisting and opposing stretching, and the efferent impulse (purple) which prevents the antagonistic muscle contracting. The leg remains static. On the right, an illustration of the actors in the patellar reflex.





ANIMAL OSTEOPATHY. Veterinarian osteopath. The veterinarian palpates the tibio_patellar ligaments. This examination is also p...
ANIMAL OSTEOPATHY. Veterinarian osteopath. The veterinarian palpates the tibio_patellar ligaments. This examination is also practiced in orthopedics. The horse is a French trotter of 6 years old. a few months ago he fell, ostheopathy enables him to recover its mobility. Veterinary clinic of la Crau, in Saint Martin de Crau en Provence in France.





KNEE, 3D SCAN. Gonarthrosis checkup. Scanner 3D. Sagittal view. Intermediary thresholding for visualization of the bone, the ...
KNEE, 3D SCAN. Gonarthrosis checkup. Scanner 3D. Sagittal view. Intermediary thresholding for visualization of the bone, the tendons and the articular cavity. This image is part of a series of 11 scanner pictures taken in the framework of the gonarthrosis checkup (images 2866206 to 2867206). The pathology is clearly visible only on the images 2866606, 2866706 and 2866906.





KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY. KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY Photo essay. Cochin Hospital in Paris, France. Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior c...
KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY. KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY Photo essay. Cochin Hospital in Paris, France. Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).





HIP, ILLUSTRATION. HIP, ILLUSTRATION Representation of the hip articulation in ¾ view. On the left bone articulation with hig...
HIP, ILLUSTRATION. HIP, ILLUSTRATION Representation of the hip articulation in ¾ view. On the left bone articulation with highlight of the femoral head and the femur neck. On the right, same articulation covered by the coxofemoral articular capsule, the tendon of the rectus femoris muscle on the top and the insertion of the gluteus minimus muscle on the femoral greater trochanter, with, the iliofemoral ligament stretched between the two muscles. The left drawing alone : image 1445408. The right





ANATOMY, MUSCLE. Anatomic model of the muscular system of an adult man from behind. The main superficial skeletal muscles are...
ANATOMY, MUSCLE. Anatomic model of the muscular system of an adult man from behind. The main superficial skeletal muscles are depicted in burgundy for the whole body. The left half of the thorax shows the deep muscles. The fasciae, fibrous membranes covering and separ





SKELETON, SHOULDER. SKELETON, SHOULDER Anatomical model of the shoulder of an adult human skeleton with ligaments, anterior v...
SKELETON, SHOULDER. SKELETON, SHOULDER Anatomical model of the shoulder of an adult human skeleton with ligaments, anterior view of the shoulder joint. The joint of the right shoulder is shown with its ligaments (in brown). The capsular ligaments (below) form a sheath surrounding both the head of the humerus and the lateral area of the shoulder blade. Additional ligaments strengthen the joint, holding together the humerus, the clavicle and the shoulder blade (by its lateral part or one of it





HYSTERO_OVARIECTOMY. Photo essay at Lyon hospital, France. Department of urology. Sex reassignment sugery transgender FtM. He...
HYSTERO_OVARIECTOMY. Photo essay at Lyon hospital, France. Department of urology. Sex reassignment sugery transgender FtM. Here hystero_ovariectomy under laparoscopy. Operation which precedes the phalloplasty hysterectomy, ovariectomy, vaginectomy. Section of the right lombo_ovarian ligament.





ANATOMY, LYMPH GLAND. Anatomic model of the blood and lymph circulations of the groin and the thigh of an asexual adult human...
ANATOMY, LYMPH GLAND. Anatomic model of the blood and lymph circulations of the groin and the thigh of an asexual adult human body, face on. The stump of the left thigh reveals blood arteries in red, veins in royal blue and lymph circulations vessels in white and nodes in





EYE, DRAWING. EYE, DRAWING Anatomy of the eye on a masculine silhouette. See. images 1009007 for the anatomy of the eye, 1009...
EYE, DRAWING. EYE, DRAWING Anatomy of the eye on a masculine silhouette. See. images 1009007 for the anatomy of the eye, 1009407 and 1009507 on a feminine silhouette, 1009607 and 1009707 on a masculine silhouette, 1009107 and 1009207 in cutaway view.





Computer artwork of the human anatomy seen from front. Depicted are: Digestive system: Liver, falciform ligament, gallbladder...
Computer artwork of the human anatomy seen from front. Depicted are: Digestive system: Liver, falciform ligament, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, appendix, intestine, colon, rectum. Cardiovascular Circulatory System: Heart, veins & arteries. Respiratory S





ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY. Photo essay from the University Hospital in Lille, France. Orthopedic surgery. Autotransplantation of a l...
ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY. Photo essay from the University Hospital in Lille, France. Orthopedic surgery. Autotransplantation of a ligament of the knee. We sample a fragment of tendon of the knee to replace the ligament. Here, preparation of the graft.





The muscles of the left knee which, are transparent revealing the skeletal structures beneath. The bones have an X-ray appear...
The muscles of the left knee which, are transparent revealing the skeletal structures beneath. The bones have an X-ray appearance.





ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY. ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY Photo essay from hospital. Preparation of a knee ligament for transplant.





RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS CLINICAL P. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS CLINICAL P. Rheumatoid arthritis. Here, the disease has caused ankylosi...
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS CLINICAL P. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS CLINICAL P. Rheumatoid arthritis. Here, the disease has caused ankylosis and bone deformation of the right hand. This condition affects mainly women and is responsible for cartilage, bone and ligament destruction. Its cause is unknown.





SIGHT. SIGHT The accomodation _ far vision disaccomodation. The visual accommodation enables to send a clear image to the ret...
SIGHT. SIGHT The accomodation _ far vision disaccomodation. The visual accommodation enables to send a clear image to the retina, either in far or near vision. It is done by deformation of the eye lens, elastic lens. The ciliary muscles Muller_Rouget muscle, in yellow, and Brucke muscle, in red contract or relax, generating or not a traction of the zonula or zonule of Zinn, the suspensory ligament of the lens. The eye lens is then flattened or bulged. To switch in far vision, the Muller_Rouget m





HIP, ILLUSTRATION. HIP, ILLUSTRATION Coxofemoral articulation. Representation of the hip articulation in ¾ view. Articulation...
HIP, ILLUSTRATION. HIP, ILLUSTRATION Coxofemoral articulation. Representation of the hip articulation in ¾ view. Articulation covered by the coxofemoral articular capsule, the tendon of the rectus femoris muscle on the top and the insertion of the gluteus minimus muscle on the femoral greater trochanter, with, the iliofemoral ligament stretched between the two muscles.





THYROID, ILLUSTRATION. THYROID, ILLUSTRATION External anatomy of the larynx. From the top to the bottom : _ thyroid cartilage...
THYROID, ILLUSTRATION. THYROID, ILLUSTRATION External anatomy of the larynx. From the top to the bottom : _ thyroid cartilage beige, _ cricothyroid ligament beige, _ cricothyroid muscle pink, _ thyroid gland purple, _ trachea beige.





LEG, DRAWING. LEG, DRAWING Long fibular muscle and short fibular muscle of the leg lateral view. The Long fibular muscle or l...
LEG, DRAWING. LEG, DRAWING Long fibular muscle and short fibular muscle of the leg lateral view. The Long fibular muscle or long peroneal muscle takes its origin at the level of the peroneal head and lateral condyle of the tibia , its tendon inserts on the medial cuneiform bone and the first metatarsal bone plantar view. The long fibular muscle supports the arch of the foot, participates to the flexion of the foot arch and to the eversion of the foot. The short fibular muscle or short peroneal m





RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, X-RAY. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, X-RAY Rhumatoid arthritis. Here the condition has caused ankylosis and bon...
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, X-RAY. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, X-RAY Rhumatoid arthritis. Here the condition has caused ankylosis and bone deformation of the right hand. Mainly women are affected by this disease which destroys cartilage, bone and ligaments. X-ray of right hand, dorsal view.





RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, X-RAY. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, X-RAY Rhumatoid arthritis. Here, the disease has caused ankylosis and bone...
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, X-RAY. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, X-RAY Rhumatoid arthritis. Here, the disease has caused ankylosis and bone deformation of the right hand. This condition affects mainly women and is responsible for cartilage, bone and ligament destruction. Its cause is unknown. X-ray of right hand.





KNEE, 3D SCAN. Gonarthrosis checkup. 3D scanner of a knee. Intermediary thresholding with a part of the intraarticular struct...
KNEE, 3D SCAN. Gonarthrosis checkup. 3D scanner of a knee. Intermediary thresholding with a part of the intraarticular structures. The patellar tendon appears in foreground. This image is part of a series of 11 scanner pictures taken in the framework of the gonarthrosis checkup (images 2866206 to 2867206). The pathology is clearly visible only on the images 2866606, 2866706 and 2866906.





THYROID, ILLUSTRATION. THYROID, ILLUSTRATION External anatomy of the larynx. From the top to the bottom : _ thyroid cartilage...
THYROID, ILLUSTRATION. THYROID, ILLUSTRATION External anatomy of the larynx. From the top to the bottom : _ thyroid cartilage blue, _ cricothyroid ligament blue, _ cricothyroid muscle pink, _ thyroid gland pink, _ trachea blue.





CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME, DRAWING. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME, DRAWING The median nerve and tendons which flex the fingers travel t...
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME, DRAWING. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME, DRAWING The median nerve and tendons which flex the fingers travel through a compartment called the carpal tunnel, visible on the under-side of the wrist. The ligaments that transverse the nerve are not very flexible. If there is any swelling within the wrist compartment excessive pressure can be put on structures such as the blood vessels and the median nerve. This condition, called carpal tunnel syndrome is characterized by loss of se





ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY. ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY Photo essay from hospital. Knee ligament transplant.





EYE, DRAWING. EYE, DRAWING Anatomy of the eye on a masculine silhouette. See. images 1009007 for the anatomy of the eye, 1009...
EYE, DRAWING. EYE, DRAWING Anatomy of the eye on a masculine silhouette. See. images 1009007 for the anatomy of the eye, 1009407 and 1009507 on a feminine silhouette, 1009607 and 1009707 on a masculine silhouette, 1009107 and 1009207 in cutaway view.





EYE, DRAWING. EYE, DRAWING Eyelids. Representation of the eye and the eyelid in median saggital section with highlight of the...
EYE, DRAWING. EYE, DRAWING Eyelids. Representation of the eye and the eyelid in median saggital section with highlight of their structures. On the upper eyelid, from left to right : the orbicular muscle, the Meibomian gland in yellow, the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, the conjunctiva. On the lower eyelid : the Meibomian gland, the conjunctiva.





Computer artwork of the human anatomy seen from front. depicted are: Digestive system: Liver, falciform ligament, gallbladder...
Computer artwork of the human anatomy seen from front. depicted are: Digestive system: Liver, falciform ligament, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, appendix, intestine, colon, rectum. Cardiovascular Circulatory System: Heart, veins & arteries. Respiratory S





Rehabilitation, ball: lower limb proprioceptive exercise, knee and ankle ligaments. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Do...
Rehabilitation, ball: lower limb proprioceptive exercise, knee and ankle ligaments. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Canary Islands, Spain





MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY. MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY Patient and health professional. Electrostimulation of the quadriceps (speci...
MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY. MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY Patient and health professional. Electrostimulation of the quadriceps (specifically the vaste interne) to strengthen the muscles. Therapy follows a sprain to the lateral inner ligament.





WOMAN IN REHABILITATION. WOMAN IN REHABILITATION Photo essay. Patient and health professional. France´s National Institute of...
WOMAN IN REHABILITATION. WOMAN IN REHABILITATION Photo essay. Patient and health professional. France´s National Institute of Physical Education (INSEP). Physical therapist applying cryotherapy analgesic (topical anti-inflammatory) after knee ligamentoplasty.





SPINAL COLUMN, X-RAY. SPINAL COLUMN, X-RAY The spinal column is composed of 33 vertebrae. There are 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 ...
SPINAL COLUMN, X-RAY. SPINAL COLUMN, X-RAY The spinal column is composed of 33 vertebrae. There are 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae and 4 sacral vertebrae fused to the coccyx. A fibrous cartilage, the vertebral disc, is found between each vertebral body. Vertebral discs act like shock absorbers. Two thick ligaments hold the vertebral column together. Strong muscles assure spinal stability and mobility. Here a standard x-ray of the spinal column has been colored





EYE, DRAWING. EYE, DRAWING Anatomy of the eye, in cutaway view. See. images 1009007 for the anatomy of the eye, 1009407 and 1...
EYE, DRAWING. EYE, DRAWING Anatomy of the eye, in cutaway view. See. images 1009007 for the anatomy of the eye, 1009407 and 1009507 on a feminine silhouette, 1009607 and 1009707 on a masculine silhouette, 1009107 and 1009207 in cutaway view.





RUPTURED LIGAMENT, MRI. ´RUPTURED LIGAMENT, MRI Rupture of knee´s anterior (frontal) cruciate (crossed) ligament, or ´´ACL´´....
RUPTURED LIGAMENT, MRI. ´RUPTURED LIGAMENT, MRI Rupture of knee´s anterior (frontal) cruciate (crossed) ligament, or ´´ACL´´. Sagittal cut-away view.´





MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY. MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY Patient and health professional. Concentrated movements to strengthen the qu...
MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY. MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY Patient and health professional. Concentrated movements to strengthen the quadriceps following a sprain to the lateral inner ligament.





REHABILITATION, ELDERLY PERSON. Photo essay from La Croix Saint_Simon Hospital, Paris, France. Session of physical therapy fo...
REHABILITATION, ELDERLY PERSON. Photo essay from La Croix Saint_Simon Hospital, Paris, France. Session of physical therapy following a fracture and a tear of the thumb ligaments.





KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY. KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY Photo essay. Cochin Hospital in Paris, France. Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior c...
KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY. KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY Photo essay. Cochin Hospital in Paris, France. Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).





LARYNX, DRAWING. Representation of the larynx in anterior view, with from top to bottom : _ epiglottis in background, in blue...
LARYNX, DRAWING. Representation of the larynx in anterior view, with from top to bottom : _ epiglottis in background, in blue, _ hyoid bone in orangish, _ thyrohyoid membrane in purple, _ thyroid cartilage in blue, _ right and left cricothyroid muscles behind the thyroid gland, in pink _ thyroid gland in yellow _ cricoid cartilage hidden by the thyroid gland, and the upper tracheal cartilages.





Female elbow and forearm muscular anatomy, back, posterior view. Full color 3D illustration on white background





HYSTERO_OVARIECTOMY. Photo essay at Lyon hospital, France. Department of urology. Sex reassignment sugery transgender FtM. He...
HYSTERO_OVARIECTOMY. Photo essay at Lyon hospital, France. Department of urology. Sex reassignment sugery transgender FtM. Here hystero_ovariectomy under laparoscopy. Operation which precedes the phalloplasty hysterectomy, ovariectomy, vaginectomy. Section of the left lombo_ovarian ligament.





CARPAL TUNNEL, DRAWING. Carpal tunnel. On the palmar face of the wrist we can observe an anatomical tunnel called carpal tunn...
CARPAL TUNNEL, DRAWING. Carpal tunnel. On the palmar face of the wrist we can observe an anatomical tunnel called carpal tunnel. The tendons and the median nerve slip throught this tunnel which enable the fingers to flex. When the median nerve in yellow is compressed by the annular ligament of the carpus in white, we speak about carpal tunnel syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by a tingling and numbness in the fingers. We also observe a loss of muscular strength in the thumb. This conditio





X-ray view of elbow joint with red inflammation in a see-through arm with hand and spinal bones





MAN IN REHABILITATION. MAN IN REHABILITATION Photo essay. Patient and health professional. France´s National Institute of Phy...
MAN IN REHABILITATION. MAN IN REHABILITATION Photo essay. Patient and health professional. France´s National Institute of Physical Education. Physical therapist. Manual rehabilitation after ligamentoplasty of the knee.





REHABILITATION, ELDERLY PERSON. Photo essay from La Croix Saint_Simon Hospital, Paris, France. Session of physical therapy fo...
REHABILITATION, ELDERLY PERSON. Photo essay from La Croix Saint_Simon Hospital, Paris, France. Session of physical therapy following a fracture and a tear of the thumb ligaments.





The muscles of the left knee, which are transparent revealing the skeletal structures beneath. The bones have an X-ray appear...
The muscles of the left knee, which are transparent revealing the skeletal structures beneath. The bones have an X-ray appearance.





Illustration of the anatomy of the eye showing the trabecular meshwork located at the base of the cornea. This natural filter...
Illustration of the anatomy of the eye showing the trabecular meshwork located at the base of the cornea. This natural filter allows the aqueous humour to drain and maintain constant and equal pressure on the interior of the eye. In glaucoma, the blocked trabecular meshwork prevents the aqueous humour from draining correctly, which leads to intraocular pressure that can damage the optic disc and nerve.





MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY. MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY Patient. Electrostimulation of the quadriceps (specifically the vaste intern...
MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY. MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY Patient. Electrostimulation of the quadriceps (specifically the vaste interne) to strengthen the muscles. Therapy follows a sprain to the lateral inner ligament.





PROLAPSED UTERUS. PROLAPSED UTERUS A prolapsed uterus occurs when the uterus protrudes through the vagina due to a weakening ...
PROLAPSED UTERUS. PROLAPSED UTERUS A prolapsed uterus occurs when the uterus protrudes through the vagina due to a weakening of the organ´s support ligaments.





MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY. MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY Patient and health professional. A wobble board is used for developing propr...
MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY. MAN IN PHYSICAL THERAPY Patient and health professional. A wobble board is used for developing proprioception (balance) following a sprain to the lateral inner ligament.





KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY. KNEE, ARTHROSCOPY Photo essay from hospital. Orthopedic surgery department. Arthroscopy of the knee.





Three views of the female hand anatomy: skeletal, muscular, and skin. Close up, detailed anatomy, full color 3D illustration ...
Three views of the female hand anatomy: skeletal, muscular, and skin. Close up, detailed anatomy, full color 3D illustration on white background





ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY. ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY Photo essay from hospital. Knee ligament transplant. Preparation of graft.

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