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Calculating machine designed by French mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1642 when he was nineteen years old. It could perform a...
Calculating machine designed by French mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1642 when he was nineteen years old. It could perform addition and subtraction.





Social Security Administration clerks seated at massive tabulating machines, actually early computers, used to manage the ind...
Social Security Administration clerks seated at massive tabulating machines, actually early computers, used to manage the individual records of millions of Americans in the Social Security system. Ca. 1940.





Voters on line to cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general...
Voters on line to cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general election in New York used electronic voting





Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. Voters for the firs...
Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. Voters for the first time in a general election in New York used electronic voting. (© Frances M. Roberts)





Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. Voters for the firs...
Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. Voters for the first time in a general election in New York used electronic voting. (© Frances M. Roberts)





Social Security Administration clerk punching tabulator operation cards, with each hole representing a letter or a numbers. T...
Social Security Administration clerk punching tabulator operation cards, with each hole representing a letter or a numbers. The cards will be fed into the mechanical tabulator, where sensitive steel fingers read the punches, and electrical impulses will create a printed sheet of statistic information. Ca. 1938.





The new Social Security Administration was challenged with handling an unprecedented amount of information to track citizens'...
The new Social Security Administration was challenged with handling an unprecedented amount of information to track citizens' wage records and taxes paid. A government worker uses a state of the art mechanical tabulator to print a list Social Security account numbers. Ca. 1937.





A sign instructs voters, in English Spanish, Chinese and Korean, to wait for the scanner, to cast their ballots in New York i...
A sign instructs voters, in English Spanish, Chinese and Korean, to wait for the scanner, to cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general election in New York used electronic voting





Clerks at the Farm Credit Administration working on Civilian Resource Conservation CCC Program reports. 1937.





Man working with punch cards in an early tabulating machine at the U.S. Census Bureau, ca. 1908.





Tabulator-Printer used by the U.S. Navy Department in 1917. It was a predecessor of electronic computers, and worked by mecha...
Tabulator-Printer used by the U.S. Navy Department in 1917. It was a predecessor of electronic computers, and worked by mechanically reading punch cards with coded information and printed out readable information.





Mechanisms of Gottfried Leibniz's calculator the most advanced of its time which perform all four basic arithmetic functions ...
Mechanisms of Gottfried Leibniz's calculator the most advanced of its time which perform all four basic arithmetic functions addition subtraction multiplication and division . 1725.





Mid-century state of the art IBM computers with punch-cards and sorters. IBM (International Business Machines) lead the devel...
Mid-century state of the art IBM computers with punch-cards and sorters. IBM (International Business Machines) lead the development of tabulators, or mechanical computers for business use. Ca. 1950.





Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general election i...
Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general election in New York used electronic voting





Old and new computers at the Census bureau in 1940. At left is Herman Hollerith's large 'unit tabulator,' which processes car...
Old and new computers at the Census bureau in 1940. At left is Herman Hollerith's large 'unit tabulator,' which processes cards containing census information at the rate of 4800 statistics per minute. The new smaller machine (at right) achieved the rate of 8700 per minute.





Man loading punch cards into a tabulating machine used in the 1920 United States census. It was a predecessor of electronic c...
Man loading punch cards into a tabulating machine used in the 1920 United States census. It was a predecessor of electronic computers, and worked by mechanically reading punch cards with coded information.





Women working with punch cards at an early tabulating machine at the U.S. Census Bureau, ca. 1908.





Tabulating machine used in the 1920 United States census. It was a predecessor of electronic computers, and worked by mechani...
Tabulating machine used in the 1920 United States census. It was a predecessor of electronic computers, and worked by mechanically reading punch cards with coded information.





Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general election i...
Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general election in New York used electronic voting





Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general election i...
Voters cast their ballots in New York in Washington Heights on election day Voters for the first time in a general election in New York used electronic voting
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