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George Wallace stepping aside as President John Kennedy walks to the speakers platform at Muscle Shoals, Alabama. JFK keeps h...
George Wallace stepping aside as President John Kennedy walks to the speakers platform at Muscle Shoals, Alabama. JFK keeps his head down, avoiding eye contact or communication with the segregationist governor. May 18, 1963.





Scottsboro Boys' and radical lawyer Samuel Leibowitz cheer at Penn Station. After a six year battle in Alabama and Federal Co...
Scottsboro Boys' and radical lawyer Samuel Leibowitz cheer at Penn Station. After a six year battle in Alabama and Federal Courts, four of the nine youths were freed this week of charges of assault. L-R: Eugene Williams, Olen Montgomery, Attorney Leibowitz, who is destroying his straw hat in jubilation, Willie Roberson, and Roy Wright. July 26, 1937.





Morning sun shining through Pecans, Carya illinoensis, and fog in Greene County north of Eutaw, Alabama.





Martin Luther King addresses Selma demonstrators. The previous day 2,500 protested the police violence of 'Bloody Sunday,' on...
Martin Luther King addresses Selma demonstrators. The previous day 2,500 protested the police violence of 'Bloody Sunday,' on March 7, 1965,





State highway crew cleaning debris from a road after a tornado, Limestone County, Alabama, USA





Segregationist rally in Little Rock. Whites holding signs protesting against 'Communist race-mixing' on the steps of the Stat...
Segregationist rally in Little Rock. Whites holding signs protesting against 'Communist race-mixing' on the steps of the State capitol. Little Rock, Alabama, Aug. 20, 1959.





Cable-stayed bridge across a river, Cochrane-Africatown USA Bridge at dusk, Blakeley Island, Mobile River, Mobile, Alabama, U...
Cable-stayed bridge across a river, Cochrane-Africatown USA Bridge at dusk, Blakeley Island, Mobile River, Mobile, Alabama, USA





Troops at the University of Alabama. Federalized National Guard kept peace while African Americans, Vivian Malone and James H...
Troops at the University of Alabama. Federalized National Guard kept peace while African Americans, Vivian Malone and James Hood, registered for classes. June 11, 1963.





Smashed car window and bloodstains after the murder of Viola Liuzzo. Liuzzo was shot by Ku Klux Klan while ferrying marchers ...
Smashed car window and bloodstains after the murder of Viola Liuzzo. Liuzzo was shot by Ku Klux Klan while ferrying marchers back to Selma from Montgomery. March 25, 1965.





Park with skyscrapers in the background, Bienville Square, RSA Battle House Tower, Mobile, Alabama, USA





Alabama Governor George Wallace sits in a wheel chair to address the 1972 Democratic Convention. The right wing politician wo...
Alabama Governor George Wallace sits in a wheel chair to address the 1972 Democratic Convention. The right wing politician won five 1972 Democratic primaries before he was shot and paralyzed while campaigning. July 11, 1972.





Gov. George Wallace in 1974. The wheelchair bound segregationist Governor easily won the 1974 Alabama primary and then the ge...
Gov. George Wallace in 1974. The wheelchair bound segregationist Governor easily won the 1974 Alabama primary and then the general election, receiving 83% of the ballots cast. 1974.





Sheriff deputy's vehicle sites near the wreckage of a storage building damaged by tornado, Tanner, Limestone County, Alabama,...
Sheriff deputy's vehicle sites near the wreckage of a storage building damaged by tornado, Tanner, Limestone County, Alabama, USA





African Americans refused admission to Murphy High School. Dorothy Bridget Davis and Henry Hobdy were blocked by state troope...
African Americans refused admission to Murphy High School. Dorothy Bridget Davis and Henry Hobdy were blocked by state troopers acting under orders of Governor George Wallace. Mobile, Alabama. 1963.





Alabama Gov. George Wallace puffs on a cigar. He was at the National Governors' Conference listening to a speech by Vice Pres...
Alabama Gov. George Wallace puffs on a cigar. He was at the National Governors' Conference listening to a speech by Vice President Spiro Agnew. Feb. 23, 1972.





Mountains at sunrise, Alabama Hills, Mt Whitney, Californian Sierra Nevada, California, USA





Hills with mountains at sunrise, Alabama Hills, Mt Whitney, Californian Sierra Nevada, California, USA





Defense at the Scottsboro Trial. George Chamlee (right) of the Defense Counsel with Charles Mann, Circuit Court of Jackson Co...
Defense at the Scottsboro Trial. George Chamlee (right) of the Defense Counsel with Charles Mann, Circuit Court of Jackson County, Alabama. Chamlee was a Southern lawyer hired by the legal arm of the American Communist Party. Nov. 25, 1933.





Montgomery Bus Boycott leaders are cheered. Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy calms the audience at the First Baptist Church follow...
Montgomery Bus Boycott leaders are cheered. Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy calms the audience at the First Baptist Church following a standing ovation for leaders of the bus boycott. The leaders were indicted for violating a statue barring boycotts without just cause. Feb. 23, 1956.





Mountains at sunrise, Alabama Hills, Lone Pine Peak, Mt Whitney, Californian Sierra Nevada, California, USA





Segregationist governors Lester Maddox and George Wallace. Maddox pours a cup of coffee for former Alabama governor George Wa...
Segregationist governors Lester Maddox and George Wallace. Maddox pours a cup of coffee for former Alabama governor George Wallace at the governor's mansion in Atlanta





Little River Falls dropping 45 feet at the head of Little River Canyon, Little River Canyon National Preserve, Alabama.





Alabama State Trooper offers no assistance. An unconscious woman is removed by two fellow marchers after she fell in charge o...
Alabama State Trooper offers no assistance. An unconscious woman is removed by two fellow marchers after she fell in charge of police that broke up first attempted Selma-to-Montgomery on March 7, 1965, afterward called 'Bloody Sunday'.





Dr. Werhner von Braun with Walt Disney. Von Braun worked with Disney Studios as a technical director, making three films abou...
Dr. Werhner von Braun with Walt Disney. Von Braun worked with Disney Studios as a technical director, making three films about space exploration for television in 1954.





Legal retaliation for Montgomery Bus Boycott. Ninety bus boycott leaders gather outside the courthouse in Montgomery, Alabama...
Legal retaliation for Montgomery Bus Boycott. Ninety bus boycott leaders gather outside the courthouse in Montgomery, Alabama, after arraignment for participation in the bus boycott. They were charged with violating a statue barring boycotts without just cause. February 25, 1956.





Path going between the high sandstone walls of a canyon, Dismals Canyon, Franklin County, Alabama, USA





African American women dance at a civil rights demonstration. Over the first three weeks of March 1965, the Selma 'occupation...
African American women dance at a civil rights demonstration. Over the first three weeks of March 1965, the Selma 'occupation' grew to 8,000 protesters, before they left on the Selma-Montgomery March of March 21.





USA, California, Sierra Nevada, Dirt road through Alabama Hills, distant Mount Whitney and Mount Lone Pine





George Wallace (left) blocks integration of the University of Alabama. It was his symbolic last stand, as he made a short spe...
George Wallace (left) blocks integration of the University of Alabama. It was his symbolic last stand, as he made a short speech before yielding to Deputy U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach (right, wiping face with handkerchief) and the Federal order to 'cease and desist' his obstruction of Vivian Malone's and James Hood's entry to the University of Alabama. June 11, 1963.





Mountains at sunrise, Alabama Hills, Lone Pine Peak, Mt Whitney, Californian Sierra Nevada, California, USA





President John Kennedy television address on Civil Rights. In front of cameras and reporters as JFK said every American shoul...
President John Kennedy television address on Civil Rights. In front of cameras and reporters as JFK said every American should stop and 'examine his conscience' about the rights of African Americans. He made the speech in the wake of the crisis over admitting two African Americans to the University of Alabama. June 11, 1963.





Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black's KKK costume. Ku Klux Klan Cyclops, Bill Chappel, holds a hood he claimed was worn by Hugo ...
Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black's KKK costume. Ku Klux Klan Cyclops, Bill Chappel, holds a hood he claimed was worn by Hugo Black when he belonged to the Klan in the 1920s. As a young Alabama politician, Black claimed he joined the Klan to get votes, and later regretted his membership. Nov. 6, 1965.





Mountains at sunrise, Alabama Hills, Lone Pine Peak, Mt Whitney, Californian Sierra Nevada, California, USA





Malcolm X visits the voting rights protest in Selma, Alabama. He is about to photograph the church in which he spoke to prote...
Malcolm X visits the voting rights protest in Selma, Alabama. He is about to photograph the church in which he spoke to protesters. Feb. 4, 1965.





Cannon on the battlefield, USS Alabama Battleship Memorial Park, Mobile Bay, Mobile, Alabama, USA





Alabama Governor George Wallace and his wife, Cornelia, hold up newspaper with headline 'Wallace wins in Maryland, Michigan',...
Alabama Governor George Wallace and his wife, Cornelia, hold up newspaper with headline 'Wallace wins in Maryland, Michigan', Democratic Presidential primaries. May 17, 1972.





Fly tempting fate on hood of Yellow Trumpets or Green Pitcher Plant, Sarracenia alata, Little River Canyon National Preserve,...
Fly tempting fate on hood of Yellow Trumpets or Green Pitcher Plant, Sarracenia alata, Little River Canyon National Preserve, Alabama.





Mountains at sunrise, Alabama Hills, Lone Pine Peak, Mt Whitney, Californian Sierra Nevada, California, USA





Yolande Betbeze, Alabama's entry won the 1951 Miss America beauty contest. After winning the title she refused to wear a bath...
Yolande Betbeze, Alabama's entry won the 1951 Miss America beauty contest. After winning the title she refused to wear a bathing suit at public events. She later marched for civil rights, took part in Woolworth sit-ins, and marched in a feminist demonstration against Miss America pageant.





Eugene 'Bull' Connor, Birmingham, Alabama's notorious Commissioner of Public Safety. In 1963 he led months of brutality again...
Eugene 'Bull' Connor, Birmingham, Alabama's notorious Commissioner of Public Safety. In 1963 he led months of brutality against Civil Rights protests, including dogs and fire hoses. He is reading a press release announcing bi-racial agreement between the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference lead by Martin Luther King) and the Senior Citizens Committee, to end racial strife in Birmingham, Alabama. May 10, 1963.





Segregationist solidarity. Georgia Gov. Lester Maddox leads cheers for Alabama Gov. and American Independent Party presidenti...
Segregationist solidarity. Georgia Gov. Lester Maddox leads cheers for Alabama Gov. and American Independent Party presidential candidate George Wallace. Wallace won Georgia's electoral votes. Nov. 4, 1968.





Mountains at sunrise, Alabama Hills, Mt Whitney, Californian Sierra Nevada, California, USA





Young African American demonstrators march in downtown Birmingham, Alabama. During the SCLC 'Birmingham Movement,' children a...
Young African American demonstrators march in downtown Birmingham, Alabama. During the SCLC 'Birmingham Movement,' children and teens were encouraged in protest and be arrested, in order to clog the city's legal system and create bad publicity. May 7, 1963.





Selma to Montgomery March completed. Helmeted state conservation department agents with clubs stand on Alabama Capitol steps ...
Selma to Montgomery March completed. Helmeted state conservation department agents with clubs stand on Alabama Capitol steps as 30,000 protester complete their march for Voting Rights. March 25, 1965.





75 Ku Klux Klansman joined the congregation of the Massay Line Church of God, located near Birmingham, Alabama. A Klan spokes...
75 Ku Klux Klansman joined the congregation of the Massay Line Church of God, located near Birmingham, Alabama. A Klan spokesman said the action was taken to intimidate patrons of a nearby beer joint who tried to 'disturb the peace', referring to desegregation. Nov. 24, 1948.





Governor-elect Lurleen Wallace, and her husband, outgoing Governor George Wallace. Lurleen was a surrogate candidate for her ...
Governor-elect Lurleen Wallace, and her husband, outgoing Governor George Wallace. Lurleen was a surrogate candidate for her husband, allowing him to evade Alabama term limits. Jan 16, 1967





The Trans Alaska Pipeline leaving Pump Station 4 with the Philip Smith Mountains of the Brooks Range beyond, Alaska.





Rock fall created an opening in a sandstone cliff, Dismals Canyon, Franklin County, Alabama, USA





Remains of a television station and homes after storms ravaged, Limestone County, Alabama, USA





Harlem protests the Scottsboro verdict as a L-Y-N-C-H-I-N-G. Several hundred demonstrated against the death sentence of Heywo...
Harlem protests the Scottsboro verdict as a L-Y-N-C-H-I-N-G. Several hundred demonstrated against the death sentence of Heywood Patterson, one of the seven Scottsboro youths, on trial in Decatur, Alabama. Dec. 2, 1933,





Skyscrapers in a city, Alabama Judicial Building, RSA Battle House Tower, Mobile, Alabama, USA





Little River Falls dropping 45 feet at the head of Little River Canyon, Little River Canyon National Preserve, Alabama.





John Lewis (left) and Hosea Williams, leaders of the Voting Rights campaign in Selma Alabama in February-March 1965. Both men...
John Lewis (left) and Hosea Williams, leaders of the Voting Rights campaign in Selma Alabama in February-March 1965. Both men were later elected to the US House of Representatives from Georgia.





President Lyndon Johnson signing the 1965 Civil Rights Bill, also known as the Voting Rights Act. The law came seven months a...
President Lyndon Johnson signing the 1965 Civil Rights Bill, also known as the Voting Rights Act. The law came seven months after Martin Luther King's Selma, Alabama campaign, which pressured Congress to pass the legislation. Aug. 6, 1965.





Sign beyond a space through joining walls of a canyon, Dismals Canyon, Franklin County, Alabama, USA





Lurleen Wallace a surrogate candidate for her husband, stays in the background as her husband, Governor George Wallace, shake...
Lurleen Wallace a surrogate candidate for her husband, stays in the background as her husband, Governor George Wallace, shakes hands with voters in Clayton, Alabama. May 3, 1966.





Alvin Horn, Grand Wizard of the Alabama Ku Klux Klan, at a Klan meeting in Montgomery. Nov. 1956.





All White jury in the Scottsboro case. The all male, all white, jury at lunch during a court recess in Decatur, Alabama. Apri...
All White jury in the Scottsboro case. The all male, all white, jury at lunch during a court recess in Decatur, Alabama. April 3, 1933.





USA, California, Alabama Hills, Transparent, ghost like figure standing in dirt road, near Lone Pine





Alabama State Trooper stands over an injured protester on Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama. Police used tear gas, clubs, whips...
Alabama State Trooper stands over an injured protester on Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama. Police used tear gas, clubs, whips and ropes against demonstrators when they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge. March 7, 1965.





Heywood Patterson, one of the African American 'Scottsboro Boys' on trial. With his defense attorneys, Samuel Leibowitz (left...
Heywood Patterson, one of the African American 'Scottsboro Boys' on trial. With his defense attorneys, Samuel Leibowitz (left) and George Chamlee (right), who defended Patterson against charges of rape. Ruby Bates, one of the alleged victims testified that there had been no assault, but was discounted by the jury. Heywood was convicted and sentenced to death. Decatur, Alabama. April 4, 1933.





Semi-truck with storage buildings damaged by tornado, Tanner, Limestone County, Alabama, USA





Governor Lurlee' and 'Governor George' pose at the executive desk in the Alabama State Capitol. Lurleen Wallace, was elected ...
Governor Lurlee' and 'Governor George' pose at the executive desk in the Alabama State Capitol. Lurleen Wallace, was elected as a surrogate for her husband. She was in office for 15 month when she died of cancer. March 16, 1967.





Dirt road with mountains in the background, Alabama Hills, Lone Pine Peak, Californian Sierra Nevada, California, USA





Segregationist Gov. George Wallace of Alabama is shown in his office during the first of his four terms as Alabama's populist...
Segregationist Gov. George Wallace of Alabama is shown in his office during the first of his four terms as Alabama's populist segregationist governor. 1964.





East tower of Cochrane-Africatown USA Bridge at dusk, Blakeley Island, Mobile River, Mobile, Alabama, USA





Rock fall created an opening in a sandstone cliff, Dismals Canyon, Franklin County, Alabama, USA





Court Square's Winter Building with a tower in the background, RSA Tower, Montgomery, Alabama, USA





Scottsboro Boys' in Jefferson county Jail, Birmingham. There were accused of raping two white girls, Victoria Price and Ruby ...
Scottsboro Boys' in Jefferson county Jail, Birmingham. There were accused of raping two white girls, Victoria Price and Ruby Bates, on a freight train in Jackson county on March 4, 1931. Standing L-R: Clarence Norris, 19, Ozie Powell 18, Haywood Patterson, 19, Roy Wright, 15, Charlie Weems, 20, and Eugene Williams, 16. Sitting L-R: Andrew Wright, 19, Olen Montgomery, 17, and Willie Robinson.





Price girl's story upheld by Hobo Poet at the Scottsboro Trial. Victoria Price and Orville Gilley, were witnesses in the tria...
Price girl's story upheld by Hobo Poet at the Scottsboro Trial. Victoria Price and Orville Gilley, were witnesses in the trial of Heywood Patterson, one of the seven African American youths charged with sexually assaulting the Victoria Price on a Southern freight train 3 years ago. Nov. 29, 1933.





Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma Alabama. The Bridge became the symbol as well as a battle ground between protestors and Alabama...
Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma Alabama. The Bridge became the symbol as well as a battle ground between protestors and Alabama police in March 1965. The Selma Campaign was timed to pressure Congress to the pass Voting Rights Act of 1965.





SNCC leader John Lewis (light coat in center) cringes as an Alabama State Trooper swings his club at Lewis' head. Lewis was h...
SNCC leader John Lewis (light coat in center) cringes as an Alabama State Trooper swings his club at Lewis' head. Lewis was hospitalized for a head injury. March 7, 1965.





E.D. Nixon, one of the leaders of the Montgomery Alabama Bus Boycott is cheered by New York City crowds. Congressman Adam Cla...
E.D. Nixon, one of the leaders of the Montgomery Alabama Bus Boycott is cheered by New York City crowds. Congressman Adam Clayton Powell stands at his right. 1956.





Alabama Gov. George Wallace talks to residents of an African American neighborhood that was bombed. In the 1960's, Birmingham...
Alabama Gov. George Wallace talks to residents of an African American neighborhood that was bombed. In the 1960's, Birmingham was called, 'Bombingham', because of the frequency of white racist terrorism against integrationists. April 1, 1965.





James Peck, bleeding on a hospital gurney in Birmingham, Alabama, following attack on a 'Freedom Riders' bus. May 14, 1961.





Fred Shuttlesworth, points a finger in warning to Birmingham city officials during the 1963 Civil Rights campaign in the 'mos...
Fred Shuttlesworth, points a finger in warning to Birmingham city officials during the 1963 Civil Rights campaign in the 'most segregated city in the United States.'.





Lurleen Wallace, a surrogate candidate for her husband, Governor George Wallace, makes a campaign speech in the Alabama Democ...
Lurleen Wallace, a surrogate candidate for her husband, Governor George Wallace, makes a campaign speech in the Alabama Democratic primary. April 28, 1966.





Anniston, Alabama: May 14,1961 Freedom Riders on a Greyhound bus sponsored by the Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE), sit on ...
Anniston, Alabama: May 14,1961 Freedom Riders on a Greyhound bus sponsored by the Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE), sit on the ground outside the bus after it was set afire by a group of whites who met the Negro and white group on arrival here in Anniston. After setting the on fire, they attacked the passengers as they were forced to leave the bus by the smoke and flames. Twelve of the Freedom Riders were treated at a local hospital.





Segregationist protest. White students burn integration literature to protest the enrollment of an African American, Autherin...
Segregationist protest. White students burn integration literature to protest the enrollment of an African American, Autherine Lucy, to the University of Alabama. June 2, 1956.





Skyscrapers in a city, Alabama Judicial Building, RSA Battle House Tower, Mobile, Alabama, USA

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